Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the <i>AIG</i> Family in Vertebrates
<i>Androgen-inducible genes</i> (<i>AIGs</i>), which can be regulated by androgen level, constitute a group of genes characterized by the presence of the AIG/FAR-17a domain in its protein sequence. Previous studies on AIGs demonstrated that one member of the gene family, <...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-07-01
|
| Series: | Genes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/8/1190 |
| _version_ | 1797523755528880128 |
|---|---|
| author | Yuqi Huang Minghao Sun Lenan Zhuang Jin He |
| author_facet | Yuqi Huang Minghao Sun Lenan Zhuang Jin He |
| author_sort | Yuqi Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Androgen-inducible genes</i> (<i>AIGs</i>), which can be regulated by androgen level, constitute a group of genes characterized by the presence of the AIG/FAR-17a domain in its protein sequence. Previous studies on AIGs demonstrated that one member of the gene family, <i>AIG1,</i> is involved in many biological processes in cancer cell lines and that <i>ADTRP</i> is associated with cardiovascular diseases. It has been shown that the numbers of <i>AIG</i> paralogs in humans, mice, and zebrafish are 2, 2, and 3, respectively, indicating possible gene duplication events during vertebrate evolution. Therefore, classifying subgroups of <i>AIGs</i> and identifying the homologs of each <i>AIG</i> member are important to characterize this novel gene family further. In this study, vertebrate <i>AIGs</i> were phylogenetically grouped into three major clades, <i>ADTRP</i>, <i>AIG1</i>, and <i>AIG-L</i>, with <i>AIG-L</i> also evident in an outgroup consisting of invertebrsate species. In this case, <i>AIG-L</i><i>,</i> as the ancestral <i>AIG</i><i>,</i> gave rise to <i>ADTRP</i> and <i>AIG1</i> after two rounds of whole-genome duplications during vertebrate evolution. Then, the <i>AIG</i> family, which was exposed to purifying forces during evolution, lost or gained some of its members in some species. For example, in eutherians, Neognathae, and Percomorphaceae, <i>AIG-L</i> was lost; in contrast, Salmonidae and Cyprinidae acquired additional <i>AIG</i> copies. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate <i>AIGs</i>, which can be employed for future functional characterization of <i>AIGs</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:47:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e12f0715fb54714a1b7c410657147f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:47:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e12f0715fb54714a1b7c410657147f72023-11-22T07:45:49ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252021-07-01128119010.3390/genes12081190Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the <i>AIG</i> Family in VertebratesYuqi Huang0Minghao Sun1Lenan Zhuang2Jin He3 Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China<i>Androgen-inducible genes</i> (<i>AIGs</i>), which can be regulated by androgen level, constitute a group of genes characterized by the presence of the AIG/FAR-17a domain in its protein sequence. Previous studies on AIGs demonstrated that one member of the gene family, <i>AIG1,</i> is involved in many biological processes in cancer cell lines and that <i>ADTRP</i> is associated with cardiovascular diseases. It has been shown that the numbers of <i>AIG</i> paralogs in humans, mice, and zebrafish are 2, 2, and 3, respectively, indicating possible gene duplication events during vertebrate evolution. Therefore, classifying subgroups of <i>AIGs</i> and identifying the homologs of each <i>AIG</i> member are important to characterize this novel gene family further. In this study, vertebrate <i>AIGs</i> were phylogenetically grouped into three major clades, <i>ADTRP</i>, <i>AIG1</i>, and <i>AIG-L</i>, with <i>AIG-L</i> also evident in an outgroup consisting of invertebrsate species. In this case, <i>AIG-L</i><i>,</i> as the ancestral <i>AIG</i><i>,</i> gave rise to <i>ADTRP</i> and <i>AIG1</i> after two rounds of whole-genome duplications during vertebrate evolution. Then, the <i>AIG</i> family, which was exposed to purifying forces during evolution, lost or gained some of its members in some species. For example, in eutherians, Neognathae, and Percomorphaceae, <i>AIG-L</i> was lost; in contrast, Salmonidae and Cyprinidae acquired additional <i>AIG</i> copies. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate <i>AIGs</i>, which can be employed for future functional characterization of <i>AIGs</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/8/1190AIG1ADTRPphylogeneticsmolecular evolution |
| spellingShingle | Yuqi Huang Minghao Sun Lenan Zhuang Jin He Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the <i>AIG</i> Family in Vertebrates Genes AIG1 ADTRP phylogenetics molecular evolution |
| title | Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the <i>AIG</i> Family in Vertebrates |
| title_full | Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the <i>AIG</i> Family in Vertebrates |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the <i>AIG</i> Family in Vertebrates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the <i>AIG</i> Family in Vertebrates |
| title_short | Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the <i>AIG</i> Family in Vertebrates |
| title_sort | molecular phylogenetic analysis of the i aig i family in vertebrates |
| topic | AIG1 ADTRP phylogenetics molecular evolution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/8/1190 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yuqihuang molecularphylogeneticanalysisoftheiaigifamilyinvertebrates AT minghaosun molecularphylogeneticanalysisoftheiaigifamilyinvertebrates AT lenanzhuang molecularphylogeneticanalysisoftheiaigifamilyinvertebrates AT jinhe molecularphylogeneticanalysisoftheiaigifamilyinvertebrates |