Application of Magnetite-Nanoparticles and Microbial Fuel Cell on Anaerobic Digestion: Influence of External Resistance
In this paper, the application of magnetite-nanoparticles and a microbial fuel cell (MFC) was studied on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge. The experimental set-up included six 1 L biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests with different external resistors: (a) 100 Ω, (b) 300 Ω, (c) 500...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/643 |
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| author | Nhlanganiso Ivan Madondo Sudesh Rathilal Babatunde Femi Bakare Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh |
| author_facet | Nhlanganiso Ivan Madondo Sudesh Rathilal Babatunde Femi Bakare Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh |
| author_sort | Nhlanganiso Ivan Madondo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, the application of magnetite-nanoparticles and a microbial fuel cell (MFC) was studied on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge. The experimental set-up included six 1 L biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests with different external resistors: (a) 100 Ω, (b) 300 Ω, (c) 500 Ω, (d) 800 Ω, (e) 1000 Ω, and (f) a control with no external resistor. The BMP tests were carried out using digesters with a working volume of 0.8 L fed with 0.5 L substrate, 0.3 L inoculum, and 0.53 g magnetite-nanoparticles. The results suggested that the ultimate biogas generation reached 692.7 mL/g VS<sub>fed</sub> in the 500 Ω digester, which was substantially greater than the 102.6 mL/g VS<sub>fed</sub> of the control. The electrochemical efficiency analysis also demonstrated higher coulombic efficiency (81.2%) and maximum power density (30.17 mW/ m<sup>2</sup>) for the 500 Ω digester. The digester also revealed a higher maximum voltage generation of 0.431 V, which was approximately 12.7 times the 0.034 V of the lowest-performing MFC (100 Ω digester). In terms of contaminants removed, the best-performing digester was the digester with 500 Ω, which reduced contaminants by more than 89% on COD, TS, VS, TSS and color. In terms of cost-benefit analysis, this digester produced the highest annual energy profit (48.22 ZAR/kWh or 3.45 USD/kWh). This infers the application of magnetite-nanoparticles and MFC on the AD of sewage sludge is very promising for biogas production. The digester with an external resistor of 500 Ω showed a high potential for use in bioelectrochemical biogas generation and contaminant removal for sewage sludge. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:09:05Z |
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| id | doaj.art-2e17e7b09b264f199a2295a6c0634761 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:09:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e17e7b09b264f199a2295a6c06347612023-11-17T12:45:05ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-03-0111364310.3390/microorganisms11030643Application of Magnetite-Nanoparticles and Microbial Fuel Cell on Anaerobic Digestion: Influence of External ResistanceNhlanganiso Ivan Madondo0Sudesh Rathilal1Babatunde Femi Bakare2Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh3Green Engineering Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Steve Biko Campus, Durban University of Technology, S4 Level 1, Durban 4000, South AfricaGreen Engineering Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Steve Biko Campus, Durban University of Technology, S4 Level 1, Durban 4000, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban 4026, South AfricaGreen Engineering Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Steve Biko Campus, Durban University of Technology, S4 Level 1, Durban 4000, South AfricaIn this paper, the application of magnetite-nanoparticles and a microbial fuel cell (MFC) was studied on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge. The experimental set-up included six 1 L biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests with different external resistors: (a) 100 Ω, (b) 300 Ω, (c) 500 Ω, (d) 800 Ω, (e) 1000 Ω, and (f) a control with no external resistor. The BMP tests were carried out using digesters with a working volume of 0.8 L fed with 0.5 L substrate, 0.3 L inoculum, and 0.53 g magnetite-nanoparticles. The results suggested that the ultimate biogas generation reached 692.7 mL/g VS<sub>fed</sub> in the 500 Ω digester, which was substantially greater than the 102.6 mL/g VS<sub>fed</sub> of the control. The electrochemical efficiency analysis also demonstrated higher coulombic efficiency (81.2%) and maximum power density (30.17 mW/ m<sup>2</sup>) for the 500 Ω digester. The digester also revealed a higher maximum voltage generation of 0.431 V, which was approximately 12.7 times the 0.034 V of the lowest-performing MFC (100 Ω digester). In terms of contaminants removed, the best-performing digester was the digester with 500 Ω, which reduced contaminants by more than 89% on COD, TS, VS, TSS and color. In terms of cost-benefit analysis, this digester produced the highest annual energy profit (48.22 ZAR/kWh or 3.45 USD/kWh). This infers the application of magnetite-nanoparticles and MFC on the AD of sewage sludge is very promising for biogas production. The digester with an external resistor of 500 Ω showed a high potential for use in bioelectrochemical biogas generation and contaminant removal for sewage sludge.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/643external resistancemagnetite-nanoparticlesmicrobial fuel cell (MFC)sewage sludgeanaerobic digestion |
| spellingShingle | Nhlanganiso Ivan Madondo Sudesh Rathilal Babatunde Femi Bakare Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh Application of Magnetite-Nanoparticles and Microbial Fuel Cell on Anaerobic Digestion: Influence of External Resistance Microorganisms external resistance magnetite-nanoparticles microbial fuel cell (MFC) sewage sludge anaerobic digestion |
| title | Application of Magnetite-Nanoparticles and Microbial Fuel Cell on Anaerobic Digestion: Influence of External Resistance |
| title_full | Application of Magnetite-Nanoparticles and Microbial Fuel Cell on Anaerobic Digestion: Influence of External Resistance |
| title_fullStr | Application of Magnetite-Nanoparticles and Microbial Fuel Cell on Anaerobic Digestion: Influence of External Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of Magnetite-Nanoparticles and Microbial Fuel Cell on Anaerobic Digestion: Influence of External Resistance |
| title_short | Application of Magnetite-Nanoparticles and Microbial Fuel Cell on Anaerobic Digestion: Influence of External Resistance |
| title_sort | application of magnetite nanoparticles and microbial fuel cell on anaerobic digestion influence of external resistance |
| topic | external resistance magnetite-nanoparticles microbial fuel cell (MFC) sewage sludge anaerobic digestion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/643 |
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