Unravel the Supremacy of <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> over Native Microbial Strains for Aroma-Enhancing Compound Production in Reconstituted Tobacco Concentrate through Metagenomic Analysis
Sensory attributes strongly influence consumers’ preferences for products. The inoculation of the <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> H8 strain in a reconstituted tobacco leaf concentrate (RTLC) solution increased neutral aroma-enhancing compound (NAEC) production by 45%, decreased the nicotine...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/3/158 |
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| author | Shen Huang Li Zhu Ke Wang Xinlong Zhang Duobin Mao Aamir Rasool |
| author_facet | Shen Huang Li Zhu Ke Wang Xinlong Zhang Duobin Mao Aamir Rasool |
| author_sort | Shen Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sensory attributes strongly influence consumers’ preferences for products. The inoculation of the <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> H8 strain in a reconstituted tobacco leaf concentrate (RTLC) solution increased neutral aroma-enhancing compound (NAEC) production by 45%, decreased the nicotine level by 25%, decreased the water-soluble total sugar content by ~36%, and improved the sensory quality by 5.71%. The production of NAECs such as dihydrokiwi lactone (DHKL: 192.86%), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1,6-trimethylnaphthalene (THTMN: 177.77%), 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP: 25%), 4-oxoisofolkone (OIFK: 116.66%,) 1,9-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyn-3-ol (HDD: 116.67%), β-damastrone (BDS: 116.67), and megastigmatrienone A (MSTA: 116.67%) was increased. A metagenomics analysis of the microbial community in the fermented RTLC (FRTLC) was performed to elucidate the mechanism by which NAECs were produced. As a result, 24 groups of functional genes were identified, and among them, five families of carbohydrate-active enzymes, (i) glycoside hydrolase (GH), (ii) glycosyltransferase (GT), (iii) polysaccharide lyase (PL), (iv) carbohydrate esterase (CE), and (v) auxiliary active enzyme (AA), were found to be positively correlated with the production of NAECs. However, among the GHs, the GHs annotated from the H8 strain chromosome displayed the highest relative abundance and a positive correlation with the production of NAECs. Specifically, the GH13-14, GH13-20, GH13-38, GH13-25, GH13-10, GH42, and GH28 genes of the H8 strain were relatively more abundant and were key contributors to the production of NAECs. The correlation analyses revealed that the H8 strain plays a leading role among all the microorganisms in FRTLC in the production of NAECs. Our findings support the application of <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> in NAEC production and a reduction in nicotine content in tobacco products. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:01:17Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-2e17ebbfb99f4bef82debf64bdbb428c2024-03-27T13:54:09ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892024-03-0114315810.3390/metabo14030158Unravel the Supremacy of <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> over Native Microbial Strains for Aroma-Enhancing Compound Production in Reconstituted Tobacco Concentrate through Metagenomic AnalysisShen Huang0Li Zhu1Ke Wang2Xinlong Zhang3Duobin Mao4Aamir Rasool5College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaInstitute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, PakistanSensory attributes strongly influence consumers’ preferences for products. The inoculation of the <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> H8 strain in a reconstituted tobacco leaf concentrate (RTLC) solution increased neutral aroma-enhancing compound (NAEC) production by 45%, decreased the nicotine level by 25%, decreased the water-soluble total sugar content by ~36%, and improved the sensory quality by 5.71%. The production of NAECs such as dihydrokiwi lactone (DHKL: 192.86%), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1,6-trimethylnaphthalene (THTMN: 177.77%), 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP: 25%), 4-oxoisofolkone (OIFK: 116.66%,) 1,9-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyn-3-ol (HDD: 116.67%), β-damastrone (BDS: 116.67), and megastigmatrienone A (MSTA: 116.67%) was increased. A metagenomics analysis of the microbial community in the fermented RTLC (FRTLC) was performed to elucidate the mechanism by which NAECs were produced. As a result, 24 groups of functional genes were identified, and among them, five families of carbohydrate-active enzymes, (i) glycoside hydrolase (GH), (ii) glycosyltransferase (GT), (iii) polysaccharide lyase (PL), (iv) carbohydrate esterase (CE), and (v) auxiliary active enzyme (AA), were found to be positively correlated with the production of NAECs. However, among the GHs, the GHs annotated from the H8 strain chromosome displayed the highest relative abundance and a positive correlation with the production of NAECs. Specifically, the GH13-14, GH13-20, GH13-38, GH13-25, GH13-10, GH42, and GH28 genes of the H8 strain were relatively more abundant and were key contributors to the production of NAECs. The correlation analyses revealed that the H8 strain plays a leading role among all the microorganisms in FRTLC in the production of NAECs. Our findings support the application of <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> in NAEC production and a reduction in nicotine content in tobacco products.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/3/158microbial communitymetagenome<i>Klebsiella variicola</i>reconstituted tobacco leaf concentrateneutral flavor componentssensory attributes |
| spellingShingle | Shen Huang Li Zhu Ke Wang Xinlong Zhang Duobin Mao Aamir Rasool Unravel the Supremacy of <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> over Native Microbial Strains for Aroma-Enhancing Compound Production in Reconstituted Tobacco Concentrate through Metagenomic Analysis Metabolites microbial community metagenome <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> reconstituted tobacco leaf concentrate neutral flavor components sensory attributes |
| title | Unravel the Supremacy of <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> over Native Microbial Strains for Aroma-Enhancing Compound Production in Reconstituted Tobacco Concentrate through Metagenomic Analysis |
| title_full | Unravel the Supremacy of <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> over Native Microbial Strains for Aroma-Enhancing Compound Production in Reconstituted Tobacco Concentrate through Metagenomic Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Unravel the Supremacy of <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> over Native Microbial Strains for Aroma-Enhancing Compound Production in Reconstituted Tobacco Concentrate through Metagenomic Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unravel the Supremacy of <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> over Native Microbial Strains for Aroma-Enhancing Compound Production in Reconstituted Tobacco Concentrate through Metagenomic Analysis |
| title_short | Unravel the Supremacy of <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> over Native Microbial Strains for Aroma-Enhancing Compound Production in Reconstituted Tobacco Concentrate through Metagenomic Analysis |
| title_sort | unravel the supremacy of i klebsiella variicola i over native microbial strains for aroma enhancing compound production in reconstituted tobacco concentrate through metagenomic analysis |
| topic | microbial community metagenome <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> reconstituted tobacco leaf concentrate neutral flavor components sensory attributes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/3/158 |
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