Effect of Addition of PVA/PG to Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion Kojic Monooleate Formulation on Droplet Size: Three-Factors Response Surface Optimization and Characterization
An oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsion formulation containing kojic monooleate (KMO) in thin film system was developed. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize and analyzed the effect of three variables, namely concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (20–30% <i>w</i>/<i&g...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Cosmetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/7/4/73 |
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| author | Nur Farzana Jaslina Nur Hana Faujan Rosfarizan Mohamad Siti Efliza Ashari |
| author_facet | Nur Farzana Jaslina Nur Hana Faujan Rosfarizan Mohamad Siti Efliza Ashari |
| author_sort | Nur Farzana Jaslina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsion formulation containing kojic monooleate (KMO) in thin film system was developed. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize and analyzed the effect of three variables, namely concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (20–30% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), concentration of propylene glycol (PG) (1–10% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), and shear rate of high shear homogenizer (3000–9000 rpm) on droplet size as a response, while other compositions remained constant such as KMO (10.0% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), Tween 80 (3.19% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), castor oil (3.74% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), xanthan gum (0.70% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), and germall plus (0.7% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>, PG (and) diazolidinyl urea (and) iodopropynyl butylcarbamate). The optimized KMO nanoemulsion formulation with desirable criteria was PVA (27.61% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) and PG (1.05% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), and shear rate (8656.17 rpm) with a predicted droplet size (110.21 nm) and actual droplet size (105.93 nm) with a residual standard error (RSE) of less than 2.0% was obtained. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the fitness of the quadratic polynomial fit the experimental data with a <i>F</i>-value of 65.30, <i>p</i>–value of <i>p</i> < 0.0001, and a non-significant lack-of-fit. The optimized KMO formulation shows the desired criteria of the thin film system and the physicochemical properties (Zeta potential −37.37 mV, PDI 0.13, pH 4.74) and stability at four different conditions indicate its suitability for cosmeceutical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:07:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e1ad168dd734219bca4cbef15336fa2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9284 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:07:24Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cosmetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e1ad168dd734219bca4cbef15336fa22023-11-20T14:43:53ZengMDPI AGCosmetics2079-92842020-09-01747310.3390/cosmetics7040073Effect of Addition of PVA/PG to Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion Kojic Monooleate Formulation on Droplet Size: Three-Factors Response Surface Optimization and CharacterizationNur Farzana Jaslina0Nur Hana Faujan1Rosfarizan Mohamad2Siti Efliza Ashari3Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaIntegrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaIntegrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaAn oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsion formulation containing kojic monooleate (KMO) in thin film system was developed. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize and analyzed the effect of three variables, namely concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (20–30% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), concentration of propylene glycol (PG) (1–10% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), and shear rate of high shear homogenizer (3000–9000 rpm) on droplet size as a response, while other compositions remained constant such as KMO (10.0% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), Tween 80 (3.19% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), castor oil (3.74% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), xanthan gum (0.70% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), and germall plus (0.7% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>, PG (and) diazolidinyl urea (and) iodopropynyl butylcarbamate). The optimized KMO nanoemulsion formulation with desirable criteria was PVA (27.61% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) and PG (1.05% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>), and shear rate (8656.17 rpm) with a predicted droplet size (110.21 nm) and actual droplet size (105.93 nm) with a residual standard error (RSE) of less than 2.0% was obtained. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the fitness of the quadratic polynomial fit the experimental data with a <i>F</i>-value of 65.30, <i>p</i>–value of <i>p</i> < 0.0001, and a non-significant lack-of-fit. The optimized KMO formulation shows the desired criteria of the thin film system and the physicochemical properties (Zeta potential −37.37 mV, PDI 0.13, pH 4.74) and stability at four different conditions indicate its suitability for cosmeceutical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/7/4/73nanoemulsionformulationthin film systemresponse surface methodologykojic monooleate |
| spellingShingle | Nur Farzana Jaslina Nur Hana Faujan Rosfarizan Mohamad Siti Efliza Ashari Effect of Addition of PVA/PG to Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion Kojic Monooleate Formulation on Droplet Size: Three-Factors Response Surface Optimization and Characterization Cosmetics nanoemulsion formulation thin film system response surface methodology kojic monooleate |
| title | Effect of Addition of PVA/PG to Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion Kojic Monooleate Formulation on Droplet Size: Three-Factors Response Surface Optimization and Characterization |
| title_full | Effect of Addition of PVA/PG to Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion Kojic Monooleate Formulation on Droplet Size: Three-Factors Response Surface Optimization and Characterization |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Addition of PVA/PG to Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion Kojic Monooleate Formulation on Droplet Size: Three-Factors Response Surface Optimization and Characterization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Addition of PVA/PG to Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion Kojic Monooleate Formulation on Droplet Size: Three-Factors Response Surface Optimization and Characterization |
| title_short | Effect of Addition of PVA/PG to Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion Kojic Monooleate Formulation on Droplet Size: Three-Factors Response Surface Optimization and Characterization |
| title_sort | effect of addition of pva pg to oil in water nanoemulsion kojic monooleate formulation on droplet size three factors response surface optimization and characterization |
| topic | nanoemulsion formulation thin film system response surface methodology kojic monooleate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/7/4/73 |
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