Comprehensive investigations of mixed convection of Fe–ethylene-glycol nanofluid inside an enclosure with different obstacles using lattice Boltzmann method
Abstract In the present paper, nanofluid mixed convection is investigated in a square cavity with an adiabatic obstacle by using the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). This enclosure contains Fe–ethylene-glycol nanofluid and three constant temperature thermal sources at the left wall and bottom of the...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00038-7 |
| _version_ | 1819292637726769152 |
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| author | Chenqi Fu Amin Rahmani Wanich Suksatan S. M. Alizadeh Majid Zarringhalam Supat Chupradit Davood Toghraie |
| author_facet | Chenqi Fu Amin Rahmani Wanich Suksatan S. M. Alizadeh Majid Zarringhalam Supat Chupradit Davood Toghraie |
| author_sort | Chenqi Fu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In the present paper, nanofluid mixed convection is investigated in a square cavity with an adiabatic obstacle by using the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). This enclosure contains Fe–ethylene-glycol nanofluid and three constant temperature thermal sources at the left wall and bottom of the enclosure through a lateral wall. The fluid is incompressible, laminar, and Newtonian. The obtained results are presented in the constant Ra = 104 and a Pr = 0.71 for different Ri = 0.1, 1, and 10. The effects of the slope of the enclosure, volume fraction of nanoparticles $$\left( \varphi \right)$$ φ , the location of adiabatic obstacles, and nanoparticle diameter in the fluid are investigated on the value of heat transfer. A change in the attack angle of the enclosure leads to changes in the movement distance for fluid between hot and cold sources and passing fluid through case E, which affects the flow pattern strongly. In each attack angle, on colliding with an obstacle, the fluid heat transfers between two sources, which leads to uniform heat transfer in the enclosure. By increasing the velocity of the lid, the Richardson number decreases leading to improvement of the convective heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number enhancement. The results so obtained reveal that by augmenting $$\varphi$$ φ value the effect of Richardson number reduction can augment Nusselt number and the amount of absorbed heat from the hot surface. Consequently, in each state where a better flow mixture and lower depreciation of fluid velocity components, due to the penetration of lid movement and buoyancy force, occurs higher heat transfer rate is accomplished. Furthermore, it is shown that when Ri = 0.1, the effect of cavity angle is more important but when Ri = 10, the effect of the position of obstacle is more visible. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T03:57:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e21a47b0e2b47fb99fb8c00890b1f3b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T03:57:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e21a47b0e2b47fb99fb8c00890b1f3b2022-12-21T17:16:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222021-10-0111111610.1038/s41598-021-00038-7Comprehensive investigations of mixed convection of Fe–ethylene-glycol nanofluid inside an enclosure with different obstacles using lattice Boltzmann methodChenqi Fu0Amin Rahmani1Wanich Suksatan2S. M. Alizadeh3Majid Zarringhalam4Supat Chupradit5Davood Toghraie6College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural UniversityDepartment Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of TechnologyFaculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal AcademyPetroleum Engineering Department, Australian College of KuwaitYoung Researchers and Elite Club, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityAbstract In the present paper, nanofluid mixed convection is investigated in a square cavity with an adiabatic obstacle by using the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). This enclosure contains Fe–ethylene-glycol nanofluid and three constant temperature thermal sources at the left wall and bottom of the enclosure through a lateral wall. The fluid is incompressible, laminar, and Newtonian. The obtained results are presented in the constant Ra = 104 and a Pr = 0.71 for different Ri = 0.1, 1, and 10. The effects of the slope of the enclosure, volume fraction of nanoparticles $$\left( \varphi \right)$$ φ , the location of adiabatic obstacles, and nanoparticle diameter in the fluid are investigated on the value of heat transfer. A change in the attack angle of the enclosure leads to changes in the movement distance for fluid between hot and cold sources and passing fluid through case E, which affects the flow pattern strongly. In each attack angle, on colliding with an obstacle, the fluid heat transfers between two sources, which leads to uniform heat transfer in the enclosure. By increasing the velocity of the lid, the Richardson number decreases leading to improvement of the convective heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number enhancement. The results so obtained reveal that by augmenting $$\varphi$$ φ value the effect of Richardson number reduction can augment Nusselt number and the amount of absorbed heat from the hot surface. Consequently, in each state where a better flow mixture and lower depreciation of fluid velocity components, due to the penetration of lid movement and buoyancy force, occurs higher heat transfer rate is accomplished. Furthermore, it is shown that when Ri = 0.1, the effect of cavity angle is more important but when Ri = 10, the effect of the position of obstacle is more visible.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00038-7 |
| spellingShingle | Chenqi Fu Amin Rahmani Wanich Suksatan S. M. Alizadeh Majid Zarringhalam Supat Chupradit Davood Toghraie Comprehensive investigations of mixed convection of Fe–ethylene-glycol nanofluid inside an enclosure with different obstacles using lattice Boltzmann method Scientific Reports |
| title | Comprehensive investigations of mixed convection of Fe–ethylene-glycol nanofluid inside an enclosure with different obstacles using lattice Boltzmann method |
| title_full | Comprehensive investigations of mixed convection of Fe–ethylene-glycol nanofluid inside an enclosure with different obstacles using lattice Boltzmann method |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive investigations of mixed convection of Fe–ethylene-glycol nanofluid inside an enclosure with different obstacles using lattice Boltzmann method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive investigations of mixed convection of Fe–ethylene-glycol nanofluid inside an enclosure with different obstacles using lattice Boltzmann method |
| title_short | Comprehensive investigations of mixed convection of Fe–ethylene-glycol nanofluid inside an enclosure with different obstacles using lattice Boltzmann method |
| title_sort | comprehensive investigations of mixed convection of fe ethylene glycol nanofluid inside an enclosure with different obstacles using lattice boltzmann method |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00038-7 |
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