The optimization of an electrochemical aptasensor to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 as a biomarker of COVID-19 using screen-printed carbon electrode/AuNP
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus identified as the cause of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The gold standard for detecting this virus is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The electrochemical biosensor method can be an alternative method for...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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International Association of Physical Chemists (IAPC)
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://pub.iapchem.org/ojs/index.php/JESE/article/view/1206 |
| _version_ | 1819283661439107072 |
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| author | Arum Kurnia Sari Yeni Wahyuni Hartati Shabarni Gaffar Isa Anshori Darmawan Hidayat Hesti Lina Wiraswati |
| author_facet | Arum Kurnia Sari Yeni Wahyuni Hartati Shabarni Gaffar Isa Anshori Darmawan Hidayat Hesti Lina Wiraswati |
| author_sort | Arum Kurnia Sari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus identified as the cause of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The gold standard for detecting this virus is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The electrochemical biosensor method can be an alternative method for detecting several biomolecules, such as viruses, because it is proven to have several advantages, including portability, good sensitivity, high specificity, fast response, and ease of use. This study aims to optimize an electrochemical aptasensor using an AuNP-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with an aptamer to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2. Aptasensors with the streptavidin-biotin system were immobilized on the SPCE/AuNP surface via covalent bonding with linkers to 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and electrochemically characterized by the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox system using differential pulse voltammetry. The results showed that the immobilized aptamer on the SPCE/AuNP electrode surface experienced a decrease in current from 11.388 to 4.623 µA. The experimental conditions were optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design for the three factors that affect the current response. The results of the optimization of the three parameters are the concentration of aptamer, incubation time of aptamer, and incubation time of RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2, each of which is 0.5 µg/mL, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes, respectively. The RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 with various concentrations was tested on an electrochemical aptasensor to determine the detection limit and quantification limit, and the respective results were 2.63 and 7.97 ng/mL. The electrochemical aptasensor that has been developed in this study can be applied to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 as a COVID-19 biomarker in a simple, practical, and sensitive way.
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| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T01:35:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e23de21581d4877be05b8e6df65eff1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1847-9286 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T01:35:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | International Association of Physical Chemists (IAPC) |
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| series | Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e23de21581d4877be05b8e6df65eff12022-12-21T17:22:12ZengInternational Association of Physical Chemists (IAPC)Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering1847-92862022-02-0112110.5599/jese.1206The optimization of an electrochemical aptasensor to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 as a biomarker of COVID-19 using screen-printed carbon electrode/AuNPArum Kurnia Sari0Yeni Wahyuni Hartati1Shabarni Gaffar2Isa Anshori3Darmawan Hidayat4Hesti Lina Wiraswati5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia and Moleculer Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Research Center, Universitas Padjadjaran, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia and Moleculer Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Research Center, Universitas Padjadjaran, IndonesiaLab-on-Chip Group, Biomedical Engineering Department, Bandung Institute of Technology, IndonesiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, IndonesiaDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus identified as the cause of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The gold standard for detecting this virus is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The electrochemical biosensor method can be an alternative method for detecting several biomolecules, such as viruses, because it is proven to have several advantages, including portability, good sensitivity, high specificity, fast response, and ease of use. This study aims to optimize an electrochemical aptasensor using an AuNP-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with an aptamer to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2. Aptasensors with the streptavidin-biotin system were immobilized on the SPCE/AuNP surface via covalent bonding with linkers to 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and electrochemically characterized by the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox system using differential pulse voltammetry. The results showed that the immobilized aptamer on the SPCE/AuNP electrode surface experienced a decrease in current from 11.388 to 4.623 µA. The experimental conditions were optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design for the three factors that affect the current response. The results of the optimization of the three parameters are the concentration of aptamer, incubation time of aptamer, and incubation time of RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2, each of which is 0.5 µg/mL, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes, respectively. The RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 with various concentrations was tested on an electrochemical aptasensor to determine the detection limit and quantification limit, and the respective results were 2.63 and 7.97 ng/mL. The electrochemical aptasensor that has been developed in this study can be applied to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 as a COVID-19 biomarker in a simple, practical, and sensitive way. https://pub.iapchem.org/ojs/index.php/JESE/article/view/1206Box-Behnken design3-mercaptopropionic aciddifferential pulse voltammetryportabilityfast response |
| spellingShingle | Arum Kurnia Sari Yeni Wahyuni Hartati Shabarni Gaffar Isa Anshori Darmawan Hidayat Hesti Lina Wiraswati The optimization of an electrochemical aptasensor to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 as a biomarker of COVID-19 using screen-printed carbon electrode/AuNP Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering Box-Behnken design 3-mercaptopropionic acid differential pulse voltammetry portability fast response |
| title | The optimization of an electrochemical aptasensor to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 as a biomarker of COVID-19 using screen-printed carbon electrode/AuNP |
| title_full | The optimization of an electrochemical aptasensor to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 as a biomarker of COVID-19 using screen-printed carbon electrode/AuNP |
| title_fullStr | The optimization of an electrochemical aptasensor to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 as a biomarker of COVID-19 using screen-printed carbon electrode/AuNP |
| title_full_unstemmed | The optimization of an electrochemical aptasensor to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 as a biomarker of COVID-19 using screen-printed carbon electrode/AuNP |
| title_short | The optimization of an electrochemical aptasensor to detect RBD protein S SARS-CoV-2 as a biomarker of COVID-19 using screen-printed carbon electrode/AuNP |
| title_sort | optimization of an electrochemical aptasensor to detect rbd protein s sars cov 2 as a biomarker of covid 19 using screen printed carbon electrode aunp |
| topic | Box-Behnken design 3-mercaptopropionic acid differential pulse voltammetry portability fast response |
| url | https://pub.iapchem.org/ojs/index.php/JESE/article/view/1206 |
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