Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in Africa: a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization of isolates.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/H5N1 was first officially reported in Africa in early 2006. Since the first outbreak in Nigeria, this virus spread rapidly to other African countries. From its emergence to early 2008, 11 African countries experienced A/H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and human ca...
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| Format: | Article |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2009-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19290041/?tool=EBI |
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| author | Giovanni Cattoli Isabella Monne Alice Fusaro Tony M Joannis Lami H Lombin Mona M Aly Abdel S Arafa Katharine M Sturm-Ramirez Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann Joseph A Awuni Komla B Batawui Kodzo A Awoume Gilbert L Aplogan Adama Sow Andrè C Ngangnou Iman M El Nasri Hamza Djibo Gamatié Gwenaelle Dauphin Joseph M Domenech Ilaria Capua |
| author_facet | Giovanni Cattoli Isabella Monne Alice Fusaro Tony M Joannis Lami H Lombin Mona M Aly Abdel S Arafa Katharine M Sturm-Ramirez Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann Joseph A Awuni Komla B Batawui Kodzo A Awoume Gilbert L Aplogan Adama Sow Andrè C Ngangnou Iman M El Nasri Hamza Djibo Gamatié Gwenaelle Dauphin Joseph M Domenech Ilaria Capua |
| author_sort | Giovanni Cattoli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/H5N1 was first officially reported in Africa in early 2006. Since the first outbreak in Nigeria, this virus spread rapidly to other African countries. From its emergence to early 2008, 11 African countries experienced A/H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and human cases were also reported in three of these countries. At present, little is known of the epidemiology and molecular evolution of A/H5N1 viruses in Africa. We have generated 494 full gene sequences from 67 African isolates and applied molecular analysis tools to a total of 1,152 A/H5N1 sequences obtained from viruses isolated in Africa, Europe and the Middle East between 2006 and early 2008. Detailed phylogenetic analyses of the 8 gene viral segments confirmed that 3 distinct sublineages were introduced, which have persisted and spread across the continent over this 2-year period. Additionally, our molecular epidemiological studies highlighted the association between genetic clustering and area of origin in a majority of cases. Molecular signatures unique to strains isolated in selected areas also gave us a clearer picture of the spread of A/H5N1 viruses across the continent. Mutations described as typical of human influenza viruses in the genes coding for internal proteins or associated with host adaptation and increased resistance to antiviral drugs have also been detected in the genes coding for transmembrane proteins. These findings raise concern for the possible human health risk presented by viruses with these genetic properties and highlight the need for increased efforts to monitor the evolution of A/H5N1 viruses across the African continent. They further stress how imperative it is to implement sustainable control strategies to improve animal and public health at a global level. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T19:11:22Z |
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| id | doaj.art-2e31a7e6308547c3bdf11761f1eccac6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T19:11:22Z |
| publishDate | 2009-01-01 |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e31a7e6308547c3bdf11761f1eccac62022-12-21T19:29:12ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032009-01-0143e484210.1371/journal.pone.0004842Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in Africa: a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization of isolates.Giovanni CattoliIsabella MonneAlice FusaroTony M JoannisLami H LombinMona M AlyAbdel S ArafaKatharine M Sturm-RamirezEmmanuel Couacy-HymannJoseph A AwuniKomla B BatawuiKodzo A AwoumeGilbert L AploganAdama SowAndrè C NgangnouIman M El Nasri HamzaDjibo GamatiéGwenaelle DauphinJoseph M DomenechIlaria CapuaHighly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/H5N1 was first officially reported in Africa in early 2006. Since the first outbreak in Nigeria, this virus spread rapidly to other African countries. From its emergence to early 2008, 11 African countries experienced A/H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and human cases were also reported in three of these countries. At present, little is known of the epidemiology and molecular evolution of A/H5N1 viruses in Africa. We have generated 494 full gene sequences from 67 African isolates and applied molecular analysis tools to a total of 1,152 A/H5N1 sequences obtained from viruses isolated in Africa, Europe and the Middle East between 2006 and early 2008. Detailed phylogenetic analyses of the 8 gene viral segments confirmed that 3 distinct sublineages were introduced, which have persisted and spread across the continent over this 2-year period. Additionally, our molecular epidemiological studies highlighted the association between genetic clustering and area of origin in a majority of cases. Molecular signatures unique to strains isolated in selected areas also gave us a clearer picture of the spread of A/H5N1 viruses across the continent. Mutations described as typical of human influenza viruses in the genes coding for internal proteins or associated with host adaptation and increased resistance to antiviral drugs have also been detected in the genes coding for transmembrane proteins. These findings raise concern for the possible human health risk presented by viruses with these genetic properties and highlight the need for increased efforts to monitor the evolution of A/H5N1 viruses across the African continent. They further stress how imperative it is to implement sustainable control strategies to improve animal and public health at a global level.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19290041/?tool=EBI |
| spellingShingle | Giovanni Cattoli Isabella Monne Alice Fusaro Tony M Joannis Lami H Lombin Mona M Aly Abdel S Arafa Katharine M Sturm-Ramirez Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann Joseph A Awuni Komla B Batawui Kodzo A Awoume Gilbert L Aplogan Adama Sow Andrè C Ngangnou Iman M El Nasri Hamza Djibo Gamatié Gwenaelle Dauphin Joseph M Domenech Ilaria Capua Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in Africa: a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization of isolates. PLoS ONE |
| title | Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in Africa: a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization of isolates. |
| title_full | Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in Africa: a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization of isolates. |
| title_fullStr | Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in Africa: a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization of isolates. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in Africa: a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization of isolates. |
| title_short | Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in Africa: a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization of isolates. |
| title_sort | highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype h5n1 in africa a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization of isolates |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19290041/?tool=EBI |
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