Hot Lithography Vat Photopolymerisation 3D Printing: Vat Temperature vs. Mixture Design
In the vat photopolymerisation 3D printing technique, the properties of the printed parts are highly dependent on the degree of conversion of the monomers. The mechanisms and advantages of vat photopolymerisation at elevated temperatures, or so called “hot lithography”, were investigated in this pap...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/15/2988 |
| _version_ | 1797440933346672640 |
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| author | Farzaneh Sameni Basar Ozkan Hanifeh Zarezadeh Sarah Karmel Daniel S. Engstrøm Ehsan Sabet |
| author_facet | Farzaneh Sameni Basar Ozkan Hanifeh Zarezadeh Sarah Karmel Daniel S. Engstrøm Ehsan Sabet |
| author_sort | Farzaneh Sameni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the vat photopolymerisation 3D printing technique, the properties of the printed parts are highly dependent on the degree of conversion of the monomers. The mechanisms and advantages of vat photopolymerisation at elevated temperatures, or so called “hot lithography”, were investigated in this paper. Two types of photoresins, commercially used as highly accurate castable resins, with different structural and diluent monomers, were employed in this study. Samples were printed at 25 °C, 40 °C, and 55 °C. The results show that hot lithography can significantly enhance the mechanical and dimensional properties of the printed parts and is more effective when there is a diluent with a network T<sub>g</sub> close to the print temperature. When processed at 55 °C, Mixture A, which contains a diluent with a network T<sub>g</sub> = 53 °C, was more readily impacted by heat compared to Mixture B, whose diluent had a network T<sub>g</sub> = 105. As a result, a higher degree of conversion, followed by an increased T<sub>g</sub> of the diluents, and improvements in the tensile strength and dimensional stability of the printed parts were observed, which enhanced the outcomes of the prints for the intended application in investment casting of complex components used in the aero and energy sectors. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the hot lithography process is contained by a correlation between the process temperature and the characteristics of the monomers in the mixture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:16:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e33ae6571d945129eb11c96f8dba3af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:16:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e33ae6571d945129eb11c96f8dba3af2023-11-30T22:46:04ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-07-011415298810.3390/polym14152988Hot Lithography Vat Photopolymerisation 3D Printing: Vat Temperature vs. Mixture DesignFarzaneh Sameni0Basar Ozkan1Hanifeh Zarezadeh2Sarah Karmel3Daniel S. Engstrøm4Ehsan Sabet5Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UKWolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UKPhotocentric Ltd., Peterborough PE1 5YW, UKPhotocentric Ltd., Peterborough PE1 5YW, UKWolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UKWolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UKIn the vat photopolymerisation 3D printing technique, the properties of the printed parts are highly dependent on the degree of conversion of the monomers. The mechanisms and advantages of vat photopolymerisation at elevated temperatures, or so called “hot lithography”, were investigated in this paper. Two types of photoresins, commercially used as highly accurate castable resins, with different structural and diluent monomers, were employed in this study. Samples were printed at 25 °C, 40 °C, and 55 °C. The results show that hot lithography can significantly enhance the mechanical and dimensional properties of the printed parts and is more effective when there is a diluent with a network T<sub>g</sub> close to the print temperature. When processed at 55 °C, Mixture A, which contains a diluent with a network T<sub>g</sub> = 53 °C, was more readily impacted by heat compared to Mixture B, whose diluent had a network T<sub>g</sub> = 105. As a result, a higher degree of conversion, followed by an increased T<sub>g</sub> of the diluents, and improvements in the tensile strength and dimensional stability of the printed parts were observed, which enhanced the outcomes of the prints for the intended application in investment casting of complex components used in the aero and energy sectors. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the hot lithography process is contained by a correlation between the process temperature and the characteristics of the monomers in the mixture.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/15/2988vat photopolymerisationhot lithographypolymerisation shrinkagedegree of conversionglass transition temperature |
| spellingShingle | Farzaneh Sameni Basar Ozkan Hanifeh Zarezadeh Sarah Karmel Daniel S. Engstrøm Ehsan Sabet Hot Lithography Vat Photopolymerisation 3D Printing: Vat Temperature vs. Mixture Design Polymers vat photopolymerisation hot lithography polymerisation shrinkage degree of conversion glass transition temperature |
| title | Hot Lithography Vat Photopolymerisation 3D Printing: Vat Temperature vs. Mixture Design |
| title_full | Hot Lithography Vat Photopolymerisation 3D Printing: Vat Temperature vs. Mixture Design |
| title_fullStr | Hot Lithography Vat Photopolymerisation 3D Printing: Vat Temperature vs. Mixture Design |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hot Lithography Vat Photopolymerisation 3D Printing: Vat Temperature vs. Mixture Design |
| title_short | Hot Lithography Vat Photopolymerisation 3D Printing: Vat Temperature vs. Mixture Design |
| title_sort | hot lithography vat photopolymerisation 3d printing vat temperature vs mixture design |
| topic | vat photopolymerisation hot lithography polymerisation shrinkage degree of conversion glass transition temperature |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/15/2988 |
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