Canvassing Prospects of Glyco-Nanovaccines for Developing Cross-Presentation Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy
In view of the severe downsides of conventional cancer therapies, the quest of developing alternative strategies still remains of critical importance. In this regard, antigen cross-presentation, usually employed by dendritic cells (DCs), has been recognized as a potential solution to overcome the pr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/12/2049 |
| _version_ | 1797455019690164224 |
|---|---|
| author | Amina I. Makandar Mannat Jain Eiji Yuba Gautam Sethi Rajesh Kumar Gupta |
| author_facet | Amina I. Makandar Mannat Jain Eiji Yuba Gautam Sethi Rajesh Kumar Gupta |
| author_sort | Amina I. Makandar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In view of the severe downsides of conventional cancer therapies, the quest of developing alternative strategies still remains of critical importance. In this regard, antigen cross-presentation, usually employed by dendritic cells (DCs), has been recognized as a potential solution to overcome the present impasse in anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. It has been established that an elevated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against cancer cells can be achieved by targeting receptors expressed on DCs with specific ligands. Glycans are known to serve as ligands for C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed on DCs, and are also known to act as a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), and, thus, can be harnessed as a potential immunotherapeutic target. In this scenario, integrating the knowledge of cross-presentation and glycan-conjugated nanovaccines can help us to develop so called ‘glyco-nanovaccines’ (GNVs) for targeting DCs. Here, we briefly review and analyze the potential of GNVs as the next-generation anti-tumor immunotherapy. We have compared different antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for their ability to cross-present antigens and described the potential nanocarriers for tumor antigen cross-presentation. Further, we discuss the role of glycans in targeting of DCs, the immune response due to pathogens, and imitative approaches, along with parameters, strategies, and challenges involved in cross-presentation-based GNVs for cancer immunotherapy. It is known that the effectiveness of GNVs in eradicating tumors by inducing strong CTL response in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been largely hindered by tumor glycosylation and the expression of different lectin receptors (such as galectins) by cancer cells. Tumor glycan signatures can be sensed by a variety of lectins expressed on immune cells and mediate the immune suppression which, in turn, facilitates immune evasion. Therefore, a sound understanding of the glycan language of cancer cells, and glycan–lectin interaction between the cancer cells and immune cells, would help in strategically designing the next-generation GNVs for anti-tumor immunotherapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:45:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e3ec3ec30c2491f8092363b8260b21a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:45:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e3ec3ec30c2491f8092363b8260b21a2023-11-24T18:31:48ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-11-011012204910.3390/vaccines10122049Canvassing Prospects of Glyco-Nanovaccines for Developing Cross-Presentation Mediated Anti-Tumor ImmunotherapyAmina I. Makandar0Mannat Jain1Eiji Yuba2Gautam Sethi3Rajesh Kumar Gupta4Protein Biochemistry Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, IndiaProtein Biochemistry Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, JapanDepartment of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, SingaporeProtein Biochemistry Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, IndiaIn view of the severe downsides of conventional cancer therapies, the quest of developing alternative strategies still remains of critical importance. In this regard, antigen cross-presentation, usually employed by dendritic cells (DCs), has been recognized as a potential solution to overcome the present impasse in anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. It has been established that an elevated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against cancer cells can be achieved by targeting receptors expressed on DCs with specific ligands. Glycans are known to serve as ligands for C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed on DCs, and are also known to act as a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), and, thus, can be harnessed as a potential immunotherapeutic target. In this scenario, integrating the knowledge of cross-presentation and glycan-conjugated nanovaccines can help us to develop so called ‘glyco-nanovaccines’ (GNVs) for targeting DCs. Here, we briefly review and analyze the potential of GNVs as the next-generation anti-tumor immunotherapy. We have compared different antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for their ability to cross-present antigens and described the potential nanocarriers for tumor antigen cross-presentation. Further, we discuss the role of glycans in targeting of DCs, the immune response due to pathogens, and imitative approaches, along with parameters, strategies, and challenges involved in cross-presentation-based GNVs for cancer immunotherapy. It is known that the effectiveness of GNVs in eradicating tumors by inducing strong CTL response in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been largely hindered by tumor glycosylation and the expression of different lectin receptors (such as galectins) by cancer cells. Tumor glycan signatures can be sensed by a variety of lectins expressed on immune cells and mediate the immune suppression which, in turn, facilitates immune evasion. Therefore, a sound understanding of the glycan language of cancer cells, and glycan–lectin interaction between the cancer cells and immune cells, would help in strategically designing the next-generation GNVs for anti-tumor immunotherapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/12/2049lectingalectinvaccineantigen cross-presentationdendritic cellsC-type lectin receptors |
| spellingShingle | Amina I. Makandar Mannat Jain Eiji Yuba Gautam Sethi Rajesh Kumar Gupta Canvassing Prospects of Glyco-Nanovaccines for Developing Cross-Presentation Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy Vaccines lectin galectin vaccine antigen cross-presentation dendritic cells C-type lectin receptors |
| title | Canvassing Prospects of Glyco-Nanovaccines for Developing Cross-Presentation Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy |
| title_full | Canvassing Prospects of Glyco-Nanovaccines for Developing Cross-Presentation Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy |
| title_fullStr | Canvassing Prospects of Glyco-Nanovaccines for Developing Cross-Presentation Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Canvassing Prospects of Glyco-Nanovaccines for Developing Cross-Presentation Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy |
| title_short | Canvassing Prospects of Glyco-Nanovaccines for Developing Cross-Presentation Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy |
| title_sort | canvassing prospects of glyco nanovaccines for developing cross presentation mediated anti tumor immunotherapy |
| topic | lectin galectin vaccine antigen cross-presentation dendritic cells C-type lectin receptors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/12/2049 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aminaimakandar canvassingprospectsofglyconanovaccinesfordevelopingcrosspresentationmediatedantitumorimmunotherapy AT mannatjain canvassingprospectsofglyconanovaccinesfordevelopingcrosspresentationmediatedantitumorimmunotherapy AT eijiyuba canvassingprospectsofglyconanovaccinesfordevelopingcrosspresentationmediatedantitumorimmunotherapy AT gautamsethi canvassingprospectsofglyconanovaccinesfordevelopingcrosspresentationmediatedantitumorimmunotherapy AT rajeshkumargupta canvassingprospectsofglyconanovaccinesfordevelopingcrosspresentationmediatedantitumorimmunotherapy |