A Method for Estimating the Velocity at Which Anaerobic Metabolism Begins in Swimming Fish
Anaerobic metabolism begins before fish reach their critical swimming speed. Anaerobic metabolism affects the swimming ability of fish, which is not conducive to their upward tracking. The initiation of anaerobic metabolism therefore provides a better predictor of flow barriers than critical swimmin...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/10/1430 |
| _version_ | 1797533329476550656 |
|---|---|
| author | Feifei He Xiaogang Wang Yun Li Yiqun Hou Qiubao Zou Dengle Shen |
| author_facet | Feifei He Xiaogang Wang Yun Li Yiqun Hou Qiubao Zou Dengle Shen |
| author_sort | Feifei He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Anaerobic metabolism begins before fish reach their critical swimming speed. Anaerobic metabolism affects the swimming ability of fish, which is not conducive to their upward tracking. The initiation of anaerobic metabolism therefore provides a better predictor of flow barriers than critical swimming speed. To estimate the anaerobic element of metabolism for swimming fish, the respiratory metabolism and swimming performance of adult crucian carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>, mass = 260.10 ± 7.93, body length = 19.32 ± 0.24) were tested in a closed tank at 20 ± 1 °C. The swimming behavior and rate of oxygen consumption of these carp were recorded at various swimming speeds. Results indicate (1) The critical swimming speed of the crucian carp was 0.85 ± 0.032 m/s (4.40 ± 0.16 BL/s). (2) When a power function was fitted to the data, oxygen consumption, as a function of swimming speed, was determined to be <i>AMR</i> = 131.24 + 461.26<i>U<sub>s</sub></i><sup>1.27</sup> (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.948, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and the power value (1.27) of <i>U<sub>s</sub></i> indicated high swimming efficiency. (3) Increased swimming speed led to increases in the tail beat frequency. (4) Swimming costs were calculated via rate of oxygen consumption and hydrodynamic modeling. Then, the drag coefficient of the crucian carp during swimming was calibrated (0.126–0.140), and the velocity at which anaerobic metabolism was initiated was estimated (0.52 m/s), via the new method described herein. This study adds to our understanding of the metabolic patterns of fish at different swimming speeds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:13:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e4255ef5e81443181fbea6f2f82ea35 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:13:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e4255ef5e81443181fbea6f2f82ea352023-11-21T20:37:54ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-05-011310143010.3390/w13101430A Method for Estimating the Velocity at Which Anaerobic Metabolism Begins in Swimming FishFeifei He0Xiaogang Wang1Yun Li2Yiqun Hou3Qiubao Zou4Dengle Shen5State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, ChinaJiangxi Road and Port Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330200, ChinaAnhui Provincial Group Limited for Yangtze-to-Huaihe Water Diversion, Hefei 230000, ChinaAnaerobic metabolism begins before fish reach their critical swimming speed. Anaerobic metabolism affects the swimming ability of fish, which is not conducive to their upward tracking. The initiation of anaerobic metabolism therefore provides a better predictor of flow barriers than critical swimming speed. To estimate the anaerobic element of metabolism for swimming fish, the respiratory metabolism and swimming performance of adult crucian carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>, mass = 260.10 ± 7.93, body length = 19.32 ± 0.24) were tested in a closed tank at 20 ± 1 °C. The swimming behavior and rate of oxygen consumption of these carp were recorded at various swimming speeds. Results indicate (1) The critical swimming speed of the crucian carp was 0.85 ± 0.032 m/s (4.40 ± 0.16 BL/s). (2) When a power function was fitted to the data, oxygen consumption, as a function of swimming speed, was determined to be <i>AMR</i> = 131.24 + 461.26<i>U<sub>s</sub></i><sup>1.27</sup> (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.948, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and the power value (1.27) of <i>U<sub>s</sub></i> indicated high swimming efficiency. (3) Increased swimming speed led to increases in the tail beat frequency. (4) Swimming costs were calculated via rate of oxygen consumption and hydrodynamic modeling. Then, the drag coefficient of the crucian carp during swimming was calibrated (0.126–0.140), and the velocity at which anaerobic metabolism was initiated was estimated (0.52 m/s), via the new method described herein. This study adds to our understanding of the metabolic patterns of fish at different swimming speeds.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/10/1430oxygen consumption ratedrag coefficientdraganaerobic metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Feifei He Xiaogang Wang Yun Li Yiqun Hou Qiubao Zou Dengle Shen A Method for Estimating the Velocity at Which Anaerobic Metabolism Begins in Swimming Fish Water oxygen consumption rate drag coefficient drag anaerobic metabolism |
| title | A Method for Estimating the Velocity at Which Anaerobic Metabolism Begins in Swimming Fish |
| title_full | A Method for Estimating the Velocity at Which Anaerobic Metabolism Begins in Swimming Fish |
| title_fullStr | A Method for Estimating the Velocity at Which Anaerobic Metabolism Begins in Swimming Fish |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Method for Estimating the Velocity at Which Anaerobic Metabolism Begins in Swimming Fish |
| title_short | A Method for Estimating the Velocity at Which Anaerobic Metabolism Begins in Swimming Fish |
| title_sort | method for estimating the velocity at which anaerobic metabolism begins in swimming fish |
| topic | oxygen consumption rate drag coefficient drag anaerobic metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/10/1430 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT feifeihe amethodforestimatingthevelocityatwhichanaerobicmetabolismbeginsinswimmingfish AT xiaogangwang amethodforestimatingthevelocityatwhichanaerobicmetabolismbeginsinswimmingfish AT yunli amethodforestimatingthevelocityatwhichanaerobicmetabolismbeginsinswimmingfish AT yiqunhou amethodforestimatingthevelocityatwhichanaerobicmetabolismbeginsinswimmingfish AT qiubaozou amethodforestimatingthevelocityatwhichanaerobicmetabolismbeginsinswimmingfish AT dengleshen amethodforestimatingthevelocityatwhichanaerobicmetabolismbeginsinswimmingfish AT feifeihe methodforestimatingthevelocityatwhichanaerobicmetabolismbeginsinswimmingfish AT xiaogangwang methodforestimatingthevelocityatwhichanaerobicmetabolismbeginsinswimmingfish AT yunli methodforestimatingthevelocityatwhichanaerobicmetabolismbeginsinswimmingfish AT yiqunhou methodforestimatingthevelocityatwhichanaerobicmetabolismbeginsinswimmingfish AT qiubaozou methodforestimatingthevelocityatwhichanaerobicmetabolismbeginsinswimmingfish AT dengleshen methodforestimatingthevelocityatwhichanaerobicmetabolismbeginsinswimmingfish |