The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities
Abstract Background Declines in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and fat‐free mass (FFM) with age are linked to mortality, morbidity and poor quality of life. High‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve CRF and FFM in many groups, but its efficacy in the very old, in whom comorb...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12724 |
| _version_ | 1797203623514472448 |
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| author | James E.M. Blackwell Nima Gharahdaghi Matthew S. Brook Shinya Watanabe Catherine L. Boereboom Brett Doleman Jonathan N. Lund Daniel J. Wilkinson Kenneth Smith Philip J. Atherton John P. Williams Bethan E. Phillips |
| author_facet | James E.M. Blackwell Nima Gharahdaghi Matthew S. Brook Shinya Watanabe Catherine L. Boereboom Brett Doleman Jonathan N. Lund Daniel J. Wilkinson Kenneth Smith Philip J. Atherton John P. Williams Bethan E. Phillips |
| author_sort | James E.M. Blackwell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Declines in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and fat‐free mass (FFM) with age are linked to mortality, morbidity and poor quality of life. High‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve CRF and FFM in many groups, but its efficacy in the very old, in whom comorbidities are present is undefined. We aimed to assess the efficacy of and physiological/metabolic responses to HIIT, in a cohort of octogenarians with comorbidities (e.g. hypertension and osteoarthritis). Methods Twenty‐eight volunteers (18 men, 10 women, 81.2 ± 0.6 years, 27.1 ± 0.6 kg·m−2) with American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) Grade 2–3 status each completed 4 weeks (12 sessions) HIIT after a control period of equal duration. Before and after each 4 week period, subjects underwent body composition assessments and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Quadriceps muscle biopsies (m. vastus lateralis) were taken to quantify anabolic signalling, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and cumulative muscle protein synthesis (MPS) over 4‐weeks. Results In comorbid octogenarians, HIIT elicited improvements in CRF (anaerobic threshold: +1.2 ± 0.4 ml·kg−1·min−1, P = 0.001). HIIT also augmented total FFM (47.2 ± 1.4 to 47.6 ± 1.3 kg, P = 0.04), while decreasing total fat mass (24.8 ± 1.3 to 24 ± 1.2 kg, P = 0.0002) and body fat percentage (33.1 ± 1.5 to 32.1 ± 1.4%, P = 0.0008). Mechanistically, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity increased after HIIT (i.e. citrate synthase activity: 52.4 ± 4 to 67.9 ± 5.1 nmol·min−1·mg−1, P = 0.005; membrane protein complexes (C): C‐II, 1.4‐fold increase, P = 0.002; C‐III, 1.2‐fold increase, P = 0.03), as did rates of MPS (1.3 ± 0.1 to 1.5 ± 0.1%·day−1, P = 0.03). The increase in MPS was supported by up‐regulated phosphorylation of anabolic signalling proteins (e.g. AKT, p70S6K, and 4E‐BP1; all P < 0.05). There were no changes in any of these parameters during the control period. No adverse events were reported throughout the study. Conclusions The HIIT enhances skeletal muscle mass and CRF in octogenarians with disease, with up‐regulation of MPS and mitochondrial capacity likely underlying these improvements. HIIT can be safely delivered to octogenarians with disease and is an effective, time‐efficient intervention to improve muscle mass and physical function in a short time frame. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:22:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e48ca71949d4702b72e53eaf97a0ff8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2190-5991 2190-6009 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:22:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e48ca71949d4702b72e53eaf97a0ff82024-04-17T00:23:47ZengWileyJournal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle2190-59912190-60092021-08-0112486687910.1002/jcsm.12724The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbiditiesJames E.M. Blackwell0Nima Gharahdaghi1Matthew S. Brook2Shinya Watanabe3Catherine L. Boereboom4Brett Doleman5Jonathan N. Lund6Daniel J. Wilkinson7Kenneth Smith8Philip J. Atherton9John P. Williams10Bethan E. Phillips11MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UKMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UKMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UKMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UKMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UKDepartment of Surgery & Anaesthetics Royal Derby Hospital Derby UKMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UKMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UKMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UKMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UKMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UKMRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital Centre University of Nottingham Derby UKAbstract Background Declines in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and fat‐free mass (FFM) with age are linked to mortality, morbidity and poor quality of life. High‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve CRF and FFM in many groups, but its efficacy in the very old, in whom comorbidities are present is undefined. We aimed to assess the efficacy of and physiological/metabolic responses to HIIT, in a cohort of octogenarians with comorbidities (e.g. hypertension and osteoarthritis). Methods Twenty‐eight volunteers (18 men, 10 women, 81.2 ± 0.6 years, 27.1 ± 0.6 kg·m−2) with American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) Grade 2–3 status each completed 4 weeks (12 sessions) HIIT after a control period of equal duration. Before and after each 4 week period, subjects underwent body composition assessments and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Quadriceps muscle biopsies (m. vastus lateralis) were taken to quantify anabolic signalling, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and cumulative muscle protein synthesis (MPS) over 4‐weeks. Results In comorbid octogenarians, HIIT elicited improvements in CRF (anaerobic threshold: +1.2 ± 0.4 ml·kg−1·min−1, P = 0.001). HIIT also augmented total FFM (47.2 ± 1.4 to 47.6 ± 1.3 kg, P = 0.04), while decreasing total fat mass (24.8 ± 1.3 to 24 ± 1.2 kg, P = 0.0002) and body fat percentage (33.1 ± 1.5 to 32.1 ± 1.4%, P = 0.0008). Mechanistically, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity increased after HIIT (i.e. citrate synthase activity: 52.4 ± 4 to 67.9 ± 5.1 nmol·min−1·mg−1, P = 0.005; membrane protein complexes (C): C‐II, 1.4‐fold increase, P = 0.002; C‐III, 1.2‐fold increase, P = 0.03), as did rates of MPS (1.3 ± 0.1 to 1.5 ± 0.1%·day−1, P = 0.03). The increase in MPS was supported by up‐regulated phosphorylation of anabolic signalling proteins (e.g. AKT, p70S6K, and 4E‐BP1; all P < 0.05). There were no changes in any of these parameters during the control period. No adverse events were reported throughout the study. Conclusions The HIIT enhances skeletal muscle mass and CRF in octogenarians with disease, with up‐regulation of MPS and mitochondrial capacity likely underlying these improvements. HIIT can be safely delivered to octogenarians with disease and is an effective, time‐efficient intervention to improve muscle mass and physical function in a short time frame.https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12724HIITExerciseDiseaseAgeingMuscleProtein synthesis |
| spellingShingle | James E.M. Blackwell Nima Gharahdaghi Matthew S. Brook Shinya Watanabe Catherine L. Boereboom Brett Doleman Jonathan N. Lund Daniel J. Wilkinson Kenneth Smith Philip J. Atherton John P. Williams Bethan E. Phillips The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle HIIT Exercise Disease Ageing Muscle Protein synthesis |
| title | The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities |
| title_full | The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities |
| title_fullStr | The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities |
| title_full_unstemmed | The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities |
| title_short | The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities |
| title_sort | physiological impact of high intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities |
| topic | HIIT Exercise Disease Ageing Muscle Protein synthesis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12724 |
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