Studying the relationship between intelligence quotient and schizophrenia polygenic scores in a family design with first-episode psychosis population
Abstract Background The intelligence quotient (IQ) of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and their unaffected relatives may be related to the genetic burden of schizophrenia (SCZ). The polygenic score approach can be useful for testing this question. Aim To assess the contribution of th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2024-01-01
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| Series: | European Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933824000245/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1797208207231287296 |
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| author | Nancy Murillo-García Sergi Papiol Luis Manuel Fernández-Cacho Mar Fatjó-Vilas Rosa Ayesa-Arriola |
| author_facet | Nancy Murillo-García Sergi Papiol Luis Manuel Fernández-Cacho Mar Fatjó-Vilas Rosa Ayesa-Arriola |
| author_sort | Nancy Murillo-García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Abstract
Background
The intelligence quotient (IQ) of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and their unaffected relatives may be related to the genetic burden of schizophrenia (SCZ). The polygenic score approach can be useful for testing this question.
Aim
To assess the contribution of the polygenic risk scores for SCZ (PGS-SCZ) and polygenic scores for IQ (PGS-IQ) to the individual IQ and its difference from the mean IQ of the family (named family-IQ) through a family-based design in an FEP sample.
Methods
The PAFIP-FAMILIES sample (Spain) consists of 122 FEP patients, 131 parents, 94 siblings, and 176 controls. They all completed the WAIS Vocabulary subtest for IQ estimation and provided a DNA sample. We calculated PGS-SCZ and PGS-IQ using the continuous shrinkage method. To account for relatedness in our sample, we performed linear mixed models. We controlled for covariates potentially related to IQ, including age, years of education, sex, and ancestry principal components.
Results
FEP patients significantly deviated from their family-IQ. FEP patients had higher PGS-SCZ than other groups, whereas the relatives had intermediate scores between patients and controls. PGS-IQ did not differ between groups. PGS-SCZ significantly predicted the deviation from family-IQ, whereas PGS-IQ significantly predicted individual IQ.
Conclusions
PGS-SCZ discriminated between different levels of genetic risk for the disorder and was specifically related to patients’ lower IQ in relation to family-IQ. The genetic background of the disorder may affect neurocognition through complex pathological processes interacting with environmental factors that prevent the individual from reaching their familial cognitive potential.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:35:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e5a2f38cff1439a93f70009128900dd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0924-9338 1778-3585 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:35:08Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e5a2f38cff1439a93f70009128900dd2024-04-15T09:27:41ZengCambridge University PressEuropean Psychiatry0924-93381778-35852024-01-016710.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.24Studying the relationship between intelligence quotient and schizophrenia polygenic scores in a family design with first-episode psychosis populationNancy Murillo-García0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7337-8309Sergi Papiol1Luis Manuel Fernández-Cacho2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1631-4867Mar Fatjó-Vilas3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9963-6241Rosa Ayesa-Arriola4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-5352Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, SpainDepartment of Falkai, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Radiology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain Faculty of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Santander, SpainBiomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain FIDMAG Sisters Hospitallers Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainResearch Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Abstract Background The intelligence quotient (IQ) of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and their unaffected relatives may be related to the genetic burden of schizophrenia (SCZ). The polygenic score approach can be useful for testing this question. Aim To assess the contribution of the polygenic risk scores for SCZ (PGS-SCZ) and polygenic scores for IQ (PGS-IQ) to the individual IQ and its difference from the mean IQ of the family (named family-IQ) through a family-based design in an FEP sample. Methods The PAFIP-FAMILIES sample (Spain) consists of 122 FEP patients, 131 parents, 94 siblings, and 176 controls. They all completed the WAIS Vocabulary subtest for IQ estimation and provided a DNA sample. We calculated PGS-SCZ and PGS-IQ using the continuous shrinkage method. To account for relatedness in our sample, we performed linear mixed models. We controlled for covariates potentially related to IQ, including age, years of education, sex, and ancestry principal components. Results FEP patients significantly deviated from their family-IQ. FEP patients had higher PGS-SCZ than other groups, whereas the relatives had intermediate scores between patients and controls. PGS-IQ did not differ between groups. PGS-SCZ significantly predicted the deviation from family-IQ, whereas PGS-IQ significantly predicted individual IQ. Conclusions PGS-SCZ discriminated between different levels of genetic risk for the disorder and was specifically related to patients’ lower IQ in relation to family-IQ. The genetic background of the disorder may affect neurocognition through complex pathological processes interacting with environmental factors that prevent the individual from reaching their familial cognitive potential. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933824000245/type/journal_articlefamilyfirst-episode psychosisintelligence quotientpolygenic risk scorepolygenic scores |
| spellingShingle | Nancy Murillo-García Sergi Papiol Luis Manuel Fernández-Cacho Mar Fatjó-Vilas Rosa Ayesa-Arriola Studying the relationship between intelligence quotient and schizophrenia polygenic scores in a family design with first-episode psychosis population European Psychiatry family first-episode psychosis intelligence quotient polygenic risk score polygenic scores |
| title | Studying the relationship between intelligence quotient and schizophrenia polygenic scores in a family design with first-episode psychosis population |
| title_full | Studying the relationship between intelligence quotient and schizophrenia polygenic scores in a family design with first-episode psychosis population |
| title_fullStr | Studying the relationship between intelligence quotient and schizophrenia polygenic scores in a family design with first-episode psychosis population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Studying the relationship between intelligence quotient and schizophrenia polygenic scores in a family design with first-episode psychosis population |
| title_short | Studying the relationship between intelligence quotient and schizophrenia polygenic scores in a family design with first-episode psychosis population |
| title_sort | studying the relationship between intelligence quotient and schizophrenia polygenic scores in a family design with first episode psychosis population |
| topic | family first-episode psychosis intelligence quotient polygenic risk score polygenic scores |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933824000245/type/journal_article |
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