The paradoxical role of cytokines and chemokines at the tumor microenvironment: a comprehensive review
Abstract Tumor progression and eradication have long piqued the scientific community's interest. Recent discoveries about the role of chemokines and cytokines in these processes have fueled renewed interest in related research. These roles are frequently viewed as contentious due to their abili...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2024-02-01
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| Series: | European Journal of Medical Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-024-01711-z |
| _version_ | 1827328083451969536 |
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| author | Toufik Abdul-Rahman Shankhaneel Ghosh Sarah M. Badar Abubakar Nazir Gafar Babatunde Bamigbade Narjiss Aji Poulami Roy Hajar kachani Neil Garg Lukman Lawal Zarah Sophia Blake Bliss Andrew Awuah Wireko Oday Atallah Favour Tope Adebusoye Tetiana Teslyk Kateryna Sikora Viktoriia Horbas |
| author_facet | Toufik Abdul-Rahman Shankhaneel Ghosh Sarah M. Badar Abubakar Nazir Gafar Babatunde Bamigbade Narjiss Aji Poulami Roy Hajar kachani Neil Garg Lukman Lawal Zarah Sophia Blake Bliss Andrew Awuah Wireko Oday Atallah Favour Tope Adebusoye Tetiana Teslyk Kateryna Sikora Viktoriia Horbas |
| author_sort | Toufik Abdul-Rahman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Tumor progression and eradication have long piqued the scientific community's interest. Recent discoveries about the role of chemokines and cytokines in these processes have fueled renewed interest in related research. These roles are frequently viewed as contentious due to their ability to both suppress and promote cancer progression. As a result, this review critically appraised existing literature to discuss the unique roles of cytokines and chemokines in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the existing challenges and future opportunities for exploiting these roles to develop novel and targeted treatments. While these modulatory molecules play an important role in tumor suppression via enhanced cancer-cell identification by cytotoxic effector cells and directly recruiting immunological effector cells and stromal cells in the TME, we observed that they also promote tumor proliferation. Many cytokines, including GM-CSF, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-21, have entered clinical trials for people with advanced cancer, while the FDA has approved interferon-alpha and IL-2. Nonetheless, low efficacy and dose-limiting toxicity limit these agents' full potential. Conversely, Chemokines have tremendous potential for increasing cancer immune-cell penetration of the tumor microenvironment and promoting beneficial immunological interactions. When chemokines are combined with cytokines, they activate lymphocytes, producing IL-2, CD80, and IL-12, all of which have a strong anticancer effect. This phenomenon opens the door to the development of effective anticancer combination therapies, such as therapies that can reverse cancer escape, and chemotaxis of immunosuppressive cells like Tregs, MDSCs, and TAMs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:12:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e60f0bf744f4a41bb92321b0080f103 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2047-783X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:12:50Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Journal of Medical Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e60f0bf744f4a41bb92321b0080f1032024-03-05T18:04:32ZengBMCEuropean Journal of Medical Research2047-783X2024-02-0129111910.1186/s40001-024-01711-zThe paradoxical role of cytokines and chemokines at the tumor microenvironment: a comprehensive reviewToufik Abdul-Rahman0Shankhaneel Ghosh1Sarah M. Badar2Abubakar Nazir3Gafar Babatunde Bamigbade4Narjiss Aji5Poulami Roy6Hajar kachani7Neil Garg8Lukman Lawal9Zarah Sophia Blake Bliss10Andrew Awuah Wireko11Oday Atallah12Favour Tope Adebusoye13Tetiana Teslyk14Kateryna Sikora15Viktoriia Horbas16Medical Institute, Sumy State UniversityInstitute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ AnusandhanThe University of the West of ScotlandKing Edward Medical UniversityDepartment of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates UniversityMcGill University, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesDepartment of Medicine, North Bengal Medical College and HospitalAix-Marseille UniversityRowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic MedicineFaculty of Clinical Sciences, University of IlorinCentro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac Campus NorteMedical Institute, Sumy State UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical SchoolMedical Institute, Sumy State UniversityMedical Institute, Sumy State UniversityMedical Institute, Sumy State UniversityMedical Institute, Sumy State UniversityAbstract Tumor progression and eradication have long piqued the scientific community's interest. Recent discoveries about the role of chemokines and cytokines in these processes have fueled renewed interest in related research. These roles are frequently viewed as contentious due to their ability to both suppress and promote cancer progression. As a result, this review critically appraised existing literature to discuss the unique roles of cytokines and chemokines in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the existing challenges and future opportunities for exploiting these roles to develop novel and targeted treatments. While these modulatory molecules play an important role in tumor suppression via enhanced cancer-cell identification by cytotoxic effector cells and directly recruiting immunological effector cells and stromal cells in the TME, we observed that they also promote tumor proliferation. Many cytokines, including GM-CSF, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-21, have entered clinical trials for people with advanced cancer, while the FDA has approved interferon-alpha and IL-2. Nonetheless, low efficacy and dose-limiting toxicity limit these agents' full potential. Conversely, Chemokines have tremendous potential for increasing cancer immune-cell penetration of the tumor microenvironment and promoting beneficial immunological interactions. When chemokines are combined with cytokines, they activate lymphocytes, producing IL-2, CD80, and IL-12, all of which have a strong anticancer effect. This phenomenon opens the door to the development of effective anticancer combination therapies, such as therapies that can reverse cancer escape, and chemotaxis of immunosuppressive cells like Tregs, MDSCs, and TAMs.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-024-01711-zTumor microenvironmentCytokinesChemokinesTumorCancer |
| spellingShingle | Toufik Abdul-Rahman Shankhaneel Ghosh Sarah M. Badar Abubakar Nazir Gafar Babatunde Bamigbade Narjiss Aji Poulami Roy Hajar kachani Neil Garg Lukman Lawal Zarah Sophia Blake Bliss Andrew Awuah Wireko Oday Atallah Favour Tope Adebusoye Tetiana Teslyk Kateryna Sikora Viktoriia Horbas The paradoxical role of cytokines and chemokines at the tumor microenvironment: a comprehensive review European Journal of Medical Research Tumor microenvironment Cytokines Chemokines Tumor Cancer |
| title | The paradoxical role of cytokines and chemokines at the tumor microenvironment: a comprehensive review |
| title_full | The paradoxical role of cytokines and chemokines at the tumor microenvironment: a comprehensive review |
| title_fullStr | The paradoxical role of cytokines and chemokines at the tumor microenvironment: a comprehensive review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The paradoxical role of cytokines and chemokines at the tumor microenvironment: a comprehensive review |
| title_short | The paradoxical role of cytokines and chemokines at the tumor microenvironment: a comprehensive review |
| title_sort | paradoxical role of cytokines and chemokines at the tumor microenvironment a comprehensive review |
| topic | Tumor microenvironment Cytokines Chemokines Tumor Cancer |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-024-01711-z |
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