Noise Sources and Requirements for Confocal Raman Spectrometers in Biosensor Applications
Raman spectroscopy probes the biochemical composition of samples in a non-destructive, non-invasive and label-free fashion yielding specific information on a molecular level. Nevertheless, the Raman effect is very weak. The detection of all inelastically scattered photons with highest efficiency is...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5067 |
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| author | Izabella J. Jahn Alexej Grjasnow Henry John Karina Weber Jürgen Popp Walter Hauswald |
| author_facet | Izabella J. Jahn Alexej Grjasnow Henry John Karina Weber Jürgen Popp Walter Hauswald |
| author_sort | Izabella J. Jahn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Raman spectroscopy probes the biochemical composition of samples in a non-destructive, non-invasive and label-free fashion yielding specific information on a molecular level. Nevertheless, the Raman effect is very weak. The detection of all inelastically scattered photons with highest efficiency is therefore crucial as well as the identification of all noise sources present in the system. Here we provide a study for performance comparison and assessment of different spectrometers for confocal Raman spectroscopy in biosensor applications. A low-cost, home-built Raman spectrometer with a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera, a middle price-class mini charge-coupled device (CCD) Raman spectrometer and a laboratory grade confocal Raman system with a deeply cooled CCD detector are compared. It is often overlooked that the sample itself is the most important “optical” component in a Raman spectrometer and its properties contribute most significantly to the signal-to-noise ratio. For this purpose, different representative samples: a crystalline silicon wafer, a polypropylene sample and <i>E. coli</i> bacteria were measured under similar conditions using the three confocal Raman spectrometers. We show that biosensor applications do not in every case profit from the most expensive equipment. Finally, a small Raman database of three different bacteria species is set up with the middle price-class mini CCD Raman spectrometer in order to demonstrate the potential of a compact setup for pathogen discrimination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:08:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e6ab6e98d2a4cfa85f074fec01fa638 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:08:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e6ab6e98d2a4cfa85f074fec01fa6382023-11-22T06:10:01ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-07-012115506710.3390/s21155067Noise Sources and Requirements for Confocal Raman Spectrometers in Biosensor ApplicationsIzabella J. Jahn0Alexej Grjasnow1Henry John2Karina Weber3Jürgen Popp4Walter Hauswald5Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, GermanyRaman spectroscopy probes the biochemical composition of samples in a non-destructive, non-invasive and label-free fashion yielding specific information on a molecular level. Nevertheless, the Raman effect is very weak. The detection of all inelastically scattered photons with highest efficiency is therefore crucial as well as the identification of all noise sources present in the system. Here we provide a study for performance comparison and assessment of different spectrometers for confocal Raman spectroscopy in biosensor applications. A low-cost, home-built Raman spectrometer with a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera, a middle price-class mini charge-coupled device (CCD) Raman spectrometer and a laboratory grade confocal Raman system with a deeply cooled CCD detector are compared. It is often overlooked that the sample itself is the most important “optical” component in a Raman spectrometer and its properties contribute most significantly to the signal-to-noise ratio. For this purpose, different representative samples: a crystalline silicon wafer, a polypropylene sample and <i>E. coli</i> bacteria were measured under similar conditions using the three confocal Raman spectrometers. We show that biosensor applications do not in every case profit from the most expensive equipment. Finally, a small Raman database of three different bacteria species is set up with the middle price-class mini CCD Raman spectrometer in order to demonstrate the potential of a compact setup for pathogen discrimination.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5067confocal Raman spectrometerbiosensorsignal-to-noisebacteriafluorescence background |
| spellingShingle | Izabella J. Jahn Alexej Grjasnow Henry John Karina Weber Jürgen Popp Walter Hauswald Noise Sources and Requirements for Confocal Raman Spectrometers in Biosensor Applications Sensors confocal Raman spectrometer biosensor signal-to-noise bacteria fluorescence background |
| title | Noise Sources and Requirements for Confocal Raman Spectrometers in Biosensor Applications |
| title_full | Noise Sources and Requirements for Confocal Raman Spectrometers in Biosensor Applications |
| title_fullStr | Noise Sources and Requirements for Confocal Raman Spectrometers in Biosensor Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Noise Sources and Requirements for Confocal Raman Spectrometers in Biosensor Applications |
| title_short | Noise Sources and Requirements for Confocal Raman Spectrometers in Biosensor Applications |
| title_sort | noise sources and requirements for confocal raman spectrometers in biosensor applications |
| topic | confocal Raman spectrometer biosensor signal-to-noise bacteria fluorescence background |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5067 |
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