High-Resolution Monitoring of Antimicrobial Consumption in Vietnamese Small-Scale Chicken Farms Highlights Discrepancies Between Study Metrics
Chicken is, among farmed species, the target of the highest levels of antimicrobial use (AMU). There are considerable knowledge gaps on how and when antimicrobials are used in commercial small-scale chicken farms. These shortcomings arise from cross-sectional study designs and poor record keeping pr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-06-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fvets.2019.00174/full |
| _version_ | 1818839636125941760 |
|---|---|
| author | Nguyen Van Cuong Doan Hoang Phu Doan Hoang Phu Nguyen Thi Bich Van Bao Dinh Truong Bao Dinh Truong Bach Tuan Kiet Bo Ve Hien Ho Thi Viet Thu Marc Choisy Marc Choisy Pawin Padungtod Guy Thwaites Guy Thwaites Juan Carrique-Mas Juan Carrique-Mas |
| author_facet | Nguyen Van Cuong Doan Hoang Phu Doan Hoang Phu Nguyen Thi Bich Van Bao Dinh Truong Bao Dinh Truong Bach Tuan Kiet Bo Ve Hien Ho Thi Viet Thu Marc Choisy Marc Choisy Pawin Padungtod Guy Thwaites Guy Thwaites Juan Carrique-Mas Juan Carrique-Mas |
| author_sort | Nguyen Van Cuong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chicken is, among farmed species, the target of the highest levels of antimicrobial use (AMU). There are considerable knowledge gaps on how and when antimicrobials are used in commercial small-scale chicken farms. These shortcomings arise from cross-sectional study designs and poor record keeping practiced by many such farmers. Furthermore, there is a large diversity of AMU metrics, and it is not clear how these metrics relate to each other. We performed a longitudinal study on a cohort of small-scale chicken farms (n = 102) in the Mekong Delta (Vietnam), an area regarded as a hotspot of AMU, from October 2016 to May 2018. We collected data on all medicine products administered to 203 flocks with the following aims: (1) to describe types and quantities of antimicrobial active ingredients (AAIs) used; (2) to describe critical time points of AMU; and (3) to compare AMU using three quantitative metrics: (a) weight of AAIs related to bird weight at the time of treatment (mg/kg at treatment); (b) weight of AAIs related to weight of birds sold (mg/kg sold); and (c) “treatment incidence” (TI), or the number of daily doses per kilogram of live chicken [Vietnamese animal daily dose (ADDvetVN)] per 1,000 days. Antimicrobials contained in commercial feed, administered by injection (n = N = 6), or antimicrobials for human medicine (n = N = 16) were excluded. A total of 236 products were identified, containing 42 different AAIs. A total of 76.2% products contained AAIs of “critical importance” according to the World Health Organization (WHO). On average, chickens consumed 791.8 (SEM ±16.7) mg/kg at treatment, 323.4 (SEM ±11.3) mg/kg sold, and the TI was 382.6 (SEM ±5.5) per 1,000 days. AMU was more common early in the production cycle and was highly skewed, with the upper 25% quantile of flocks accounting for 60.7% of total AMU. The observed discrepancies between weight- and dose-based metrics were explained by differences in the strength of AAIs, mortality levels, and the timing of administration. Results suggest that in small-scale chicken production, AMU reduction efforts should preferentially target the early (brooding) period, which is when birds are most likely to be exposed to antimicrobials, whilst restricting access to antimicrobials of critical importance for human medicine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:57:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e71bd483b09422b99b2a9b976000a66 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:57:26Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e71bd483b09422b99b2a9b976000a662022-12-21T20:36:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692019-06-01610.3389/fvets.2019.00174460920High-Resolution Monitoring of Antimicrobial Consumption in Vietnamese Small-Scale Chicken Farms Highlights Discrepancies Between Study MetricsNguyen Van Cuong0Doan Hoang Phu1Doan Hoang Phu2Nguyen Thi Bich Van3Bao Dinh Truong4Bao Dinh Truong5Bach Tuan Kiet6Bo Ve Hien7Ho Thi Viet Thu8Marc Choisy9Marc Choisy10Pawin Padungtod11Guy Thwaites12Guy Thwaites13Juan Carrique-Mas14Juan Carrique-Mas15Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamOxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamFaculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamOxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamOxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamFaculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamSub-Department of Animal Health and Production, Cao Lãnh, VietnamSub-Department of Animal Health and Production, Cao Lãnh, VietnamDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Can Tho, Can Tho, VietnamOxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamMIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, FranceFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Hanoi, VietnamOxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamNuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United KingdomOxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamNuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United KingdomChicken is, among farmed species, the target of the highest levels of antimicrobial use (AMU). There are considerable knowledge gaps on how and when antimicrobials are used in commercial small-scale chicken farms. These shortcomings arise from cross-sectional study designs and poor record keeping practiced by many such farmers. Furthermore, there is a large diversity of AMU metrics, and it is not clear how these metrics relate to each other. We performed a longitudinal study on a cohort of small-scale chicken farms (n = 102) in the Mekong Delta (Vietnam), an area regarded as a hotspot of AMU, from October 2016 to May 2018. We collected data on all medicine products administered to 203 flocks with the following aims: (1) to describe types and quantities of antimicrobial active ingredients (AAIs) used; (2) to describe critical time points of AMU; and (3) to compare AMU using three quantitative metrics: (a) weight of AAIs related to bird weight at the time of treatment (mg/kg at treatment); (b) weight of AAIs related to weight of birds sold (mg/kg sold); and (c) “treatment incidence” (TI), or the number of daily doses per kilogram of live chicken [Vietnamese animal daily dose (ADDvetVN)] per 1,000 days. Antimicrobials contained in commercial feed, administered by injection (n = N = 6), or antimicrobials for human medicine (n = N = 16) were excluded. A total of 236 products were identified, containing 42 different AAIs. A total of 76.2% products contained AAIs of “critical importance” according to the World Health Organization (WHO). On average, chickens consumed 791.8 (SEM ±16.7) mg/kg at treatment, 323.4 (SEM ±11.3) mg/kg sold, and the TI was 382.6 (SEM ±5.5) per 1,000 days. AMU was more common early in the production cycle and was highly skewed, with the upper 25% quantile of flocks accounting for 60.7% of total AMU. The observed discrepancies between weight- and dose-based metrics were explained by differences in the strength of AAIs, mortality levels, and the timing of administration. Results suggest that in small-scale chicken production, AMU reduction efforts should preferentially target the early (brooding) period, which is when birds are most likely to be exposed to antimicrobials, whilst restricting access to antimicrobials of critical importance for human medicine.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fvets.2019.00174/fullantimicrobial usechickensmall-scale farmsmetricsquantificationVietnam |
| spellingShingle | Nguyen Van Cuong Doan Hoang Phu Doan Hoang Phu Nguyen Thi Bich Van Bao Dinh Truong Bao Dinh Truong Bach Tuan Kiet Bo Ve Hien Ho Thi Viet Thu Marc Choisy Marc Choisy Pawin Padungtod Guy Thwaites Guy Thwaites Juan Carrique-Mas Juan Carrique-Mas High-Resolution Monitoring of Antimicrobial Consumption in Vietnamese Small-Scale Chicken Farms Highlights Discrepancies Between Study Metrics Frontiers in Veterinary Science antimicrobial use chicken small-scale farms metrics quantification Vietnam |
| title | High-Resolution Monitoring of Antimicrobial Consumption in Vietnamese Small-Scale Chicken Farms Highlights Discrepancies Between Study Metrics |
| title_full | High-Resolution Monitoring of Antimicrobial Consumption in Vietnamese Small-Scale Chicken Farms Highlights Discrepancies Between Study Metrics |
| title_fullStr | High-Resolution Monitoring of Antimicrobial Consumption in Vietnamese Small-Scale Chicken Farms Highlights Discrepancies Between Study Metrics |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Resolution Monitoring of Antimicrobial Consumption in Vietnamese Small-Scale Chicken Farms Highlights Discrepancies Between Study Metrics |
| title_short | High-Resolution Monitoring of Antimicrobial Consumption in Vietnamese Small-Scale Chicken Farms Highlights Discrepancies Between Study Metrics |
| title_sort | high resolution monitoring of antimicrobial consumption in vietnamese small scale chicken farms highlights discrepancies between study metrics |
| topic | antimicrobial use chicken small-scale farms metrics quantification Vietnam |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fvets.2019.00174/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nguyenvancuong highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics AT doanhoangphu highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics AT doanhoangphu highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics AT nguyenthibichvan highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics AT baodinhtruong highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics AT baodinhtruong highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics AT bachtuankiet highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics AT bovehien highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics AT hothivietthu highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics AT marcchoisy highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics AT marcchoisy highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics AT pawinpadungtod highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics AT guythwaites highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics AT guythwaites highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics AT juancarriquemas highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics AT juancarriquemas highresolutionmonitoringofantimicrobialconsumptioninvietnamesesmallscalechickenfarmshighlightsdiscrepanciesbetweenstudymetrics |