CHRIST: CD44-Incorporated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Index Scoring Tool—A Novel Prognostic Scoring System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Aggressiveness
CD44 has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in regulating tumor cell progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Here, we aimed to establish a scoring system to evaluate the risk of developing HCC utilizing CD44-rs187115 SNP polymorphism. A prospective cohort of 120 indi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Medicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/9/2/14 |
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| author | Ahmed Ali Khalifa Nermeen Abdeen Neveen L. Mikhael Sawsan Elmalah Ayman Elshayeb |
| author_facet | Ahmed Ali Khalifa Nermeen Abdeen Neveen L. Mikhael Sawsan Elmalah Ayman Elshayeb |
| author_sort | Ahmed Ali Khalifa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | CD44 has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in regulating tumor cell progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Here, we aimed to establish a scoring system to evaluate the risk of developing HCC utilizing CD44-rs187115 SNP polymorphism. A prospective cohort of 120 individuals was enrolled in four groups: 19 non-metastatic HCC patients, 21 metastatic, 40 patients with hepatitis C-related cirrhosis, and 40 controls. Allelic discrimination of the CD44-rs187115 gene polymorphism was assessed using TaqMan genotyping assay. HCC patients with CT/CC genotypes were more likely to have aggressive malignancy compared to TT carriers. A significant correlation was noted between the existence of CT/CC genotypes and tumor size, multicentricity, infiltration, portal vein thrombosis, and metastasis. A CD44-incorporated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Index Scoring Tool (CHRIST) was formulated utilizing clinical and genetic variables. A score > 3 for HCC development demonstrated 87.5% sensitivity, 72.5% specificity, and a 76% positive predictive value (PPV) and 85% negative predictive value (NPV). Furthermore, a score > 5 for HCC metastasis demonstrated 90.4% sensitivity, 68.4% specificity, a 76% PPV and 86% NPV. A similarly significant score was noted following a six-month re-evaluation. We conclude that CD44-rs187115 may serve as a reliable prognostic biomarker for HCC and that the CHRIST prognostic model is highly predictive of the development of HCC and metastatic HCC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:28:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e770aef274a4144b8042b3db2f48d50 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6320 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:28:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e770aef274a4144b8042b3db2f48d502023-11-23T21:01:47ZengMDPI AGMedicines2305-63202022-02-01921410.3390/medicines9020014CHRIST: CD44-Incorporated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Index Scoring Tool—A Novel Prognostic Scoring System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and AggressivenessAhmed Ali Khalifa0Nermeen Abdeen1Neveen L. Mikhael2Sawsan Elmalah3Ayman Elshayeb4Department of Tropical Medicine, Clinical Pathology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria 21433, EgyptDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Clinical Pathology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria 21433, EgyptDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Clinical Pathology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria 21433, EgyptDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Clinical Pathology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria 21433, EgyptDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Clinical Pathology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria 21433, EgyptCD44 has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in regulating tumor cell progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Here, we aimed to establish a scoring system to evaluate the risk of developing HCC utilizing CD44-rs187115 SNP polymorphism. A prospective cohort of 120 individuals was enrolled in four groups: 19 non-metastatic HCC patients, 21 metastatic, 40 patients with hepatitis C-related cirrhosis, and 40 controls. Allelic discrimination of the CD44-rs187115 gene polymorphism was assessed using TaqMan genotyping assay. HCC patients with CT/CC genotypes were more likely to have aggressive malignancy compared to TT carriers. A significant correlation was noted between the existence of CT/CC genotypes and tumor size, multicentricity, infiltration, portal vein thrombosis, and metastasis. A CD44-incorporated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Index Scoring Tool (CHRIST) was formulated utilizing clinical and genetic variables. A score > 3 for HCC development demonstrated 87.5% sensitivity, 72.5% specificity, and a 76% positive predictive value (PPV) and 85% negative predictive value (NPV). Furthermore, a score > 5 for HCC metastasis demonstrated 90.4% sensitivity, 68.4% specificity, a 76% PPV and 86% NPV. A similarly significant score was noted following a six-month re-evaluation. We conclude that CD44-rs187115 may serve as a reliable prognostic biomarker for HCC and that the CHRIST prognostic model is highly predictive of the development of HCC and metastatic HCC.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/9/2/14CD44 rs187115cluster of differentiationcirrhosissingle-nucleotide polymorphismhepatitis C virus |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Ali Khalifa Nermeen Abdeen Neveen L. Mikhael Sawsan Elmalah Ayman Elshayeb CHRIST: CD44-Incorporated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Index Scoring Tool—A Novel Prognostic Scoring System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Aggressiveness Medicines CD44 rs187115 cluster of differentiation cirrhosis single-nucleotide polymorphism hepatitis C virus |
| title | CHRIST: CD44-Incorporated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Index Scoring Tool—A Novel Prognostic Scoring System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Aggressiveness |
| title_full | CHRIST: CD44-Incorporated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Index Scoring Tool—A Novel Prognostic Scoring System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Aggressiveness |
| title_fullStr | CHRIST: CD44-Incorporated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Index Scoring Tool—A Novel Prognostic Scoring System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Aggressiveness |
| title_full_unstemmed | CHRIST: CD44-Incorporated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Index Scoring Tool—A Novel Prognostic Scoring System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Aggressiveness |
| title_short | CHRIST: CD44-Incorporated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Index Scoring Tool—A Novel Prognostic Scoring System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Aggressiveness |
| title_sort | christ cd44 incorporated hepatocellular carcinoma risk index scoring tool a novel prognostic scoring system for hepatocellular carcinoma development and aggressiveness |
| topic | CD44 rs187115 cluster of differentiation cirrhosis single-nucleotide polymorphism hepatitis C virus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/9/2/14 |
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