Quantifying apple diversity: A phenomic characterization of Canada’s Apple Biodiversity Collection
Societal Impact Statement A future with a secure and safe food supply requires humanity to preserve and exploit the vast variation available across agricultural plant species. Apples are one of the most widely consumed fruits and provide significant nutritional value worldwide. Here, we characterize...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Plants, People, Planet |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10211 |
| _version_ | 1818986123414732800 |
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| author | Sophie Watts Zoë Migicovsky Kendra A. McClure Cindy H. J. Yu Beatrice Amyotte Thomas Baker David Bowlby Karen Burgher‐MacLellan Laura Butler Richard Donald Lihua Fan Sherry Fillmore John Flewelling Kyle Gardner Mark Hodges Tim Hughes Vinetha Jagadeesan Naomi Lewis Edward MacDonell Laura MacVicar Michel McElroy Daniel Money Matthew O’Hara Quang Ong Leslie Campbell Palmer Jason Sawler Melinda Vinqvist‐Tymchuk HP Vasantha Rupasinghe John M. DeLong Charles F. Forney Jun Song Sean Myles |
| author_facet | Sophie Watts Zoë Migicovsky Kendra A. McClure Cindy H. J. Yu Beatrice Amyotte Thomas Baker David Bowlby Karen Burgher‐MacLellan Laura Butler Richard Donald Lihua Fan Sherry Fillmore John Flewelling Kyle Gardner Mark Hodges Tim Hughes Vinetha Jagadeesan Naomi Lewis Edward MacDonell Laura MacVicar Michel McElroy Daniel Money Matthew O’Hara Quang Ong Leslie Campbell Palmer Jason Sawler Melinda Vinqvist‐Tymchuk HP Vasantha Rupasinghe John M. DeLong Charles F. Forney Jun Song Sean Myles |
| author_sort | Sophie Watts |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Societal Impact Statement A future with a secure and safe food supply requires humanity to preserve and exploit the vast variation available across agricultural plant species. Apples are one of the most widely consumed fruits and provide significant nutritional value worldwide. Here, we characterize key agricultural traits in a diverse collection of apples to provide a foundation for future apple improvement. We show that commercially successful apple varieties capture only a small fraction of apple diversity, and demonstrate that significant improvement is possible by tapping into existing genetic diversity. Summary ●Here we present a comprehensive evaluation of apple diversity through phenotyping of Canada's Apple Biodiversity Collection (ABC) which contains over 1000 apple accessions. ●We assessed, over a 4‐year period, more than 20,000 individual apples and quantified variation across 39 phenotypes, including phenology and fruit quality both at harvest and after 3 months of cold storage. ●We observe that apples in the ABC display a wide range of phenotypic variation that may prove useful for future apple improvement. For example, apples can differ by nearly 61‐fold in weight, 18‐fold in acidity, and 100‐fold in phenolic content. We quantified the dramatic changes to apple physiology that occur during 3 months of cold storage: on average, apples lost 39% of their firmness, 31% of their acidity, and 9% of their weight, but gained 7% in soluble solids. Harvest date, flowering date, and time to ripen were all positively correlated with firmness, which suggests that the developmental pathways that drive phenological events throughout the growing season may play a role in determining an apple's texture. Finally, we show that apple breeding has selected for a significant decline in phenolic content over the past 200 years: apple cultivars released after 1940 had a 30% lower median phenolic content than cultivars released before 1940. ●The data and analyses presented here not only provide a comprehensive quantification of the range across, and relationships among diverse apple phenotypes, but they also enable genetic mapping studies that will provide the foundation for future apple improvement via genomics‐assisted breeding. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T18:45:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e7931d8e5604952a5287c7b403faa67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2572-2611 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T18:45:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants, People, Planet |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e7931d8e5604952a5287c7b403faa672022-12-21T19:29:42ZengWileyPlants, People, Planet2572-26112021-11-013674776010.1002/ppp3.10211Quantifying apple diversity: A phenomic characterization of Canada’s Apple Biodiversity CollectionSophie Watts0Zoë Migicovsky1Kendra A. McClure2Cindy H. J. Yu3Beatrice Amyotte4Thomas Baker5David Bowlby6Karen Burgher‐MacLellan7Laura Butler8Richard Donald9Lihua Fan10Sherry Fillmore11John Flewelling12Kyle Gardner13Mark Hodges14Tim Hughes15Vinetha Jagadeesan16Naomi Lewis17Edward MacDonell18Laura MacVicar19Michel McElroy20Daniel Money21Matthew O’Hara22Quang Ong23Leslie Campbell Palmer24Jason Sawler25Melinda Vinqvist‐Tymchuk26HP Vasantha Rupasinghe27John M. DeLong28Charles F. Forney29Jun Song30Sean Myles31Dalhousie Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro CanadaDalhousie Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro CanadaDalhousie Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro CanadaDalhousie Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaDalhousie Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro CanadaDalhousie Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaDalhousie Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaDalhousie Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaDalhousie Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaDalhousie Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro CanadaDalhousie Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaDalhousie Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaDalhousie Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaDalhousie Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaAgriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre Kentville CanadaDalhousie Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro CanadaSocietal Impact Statement A future with a secure and safe food supply requires humanity to preserve and exploit the vast variation available across agricultural plant species. Apples are one of the most widely consumed fruits and provide significant nutritional value worldwide. Here, we characterize key agricultural traits in a diverse collection of apples to provide a foundation for future apple improvement. We show that commercially successful apple varieties capture only a small fraction of apple diversity, and demonstrate that significant improvement is possible by tapping into existing genetic diversity. Summary ●Here we present a comprehensive evaluation of apple diversity through phenotyping of Canada's Apple Biodiversity Collection (ABC) which contains over 1000 apple accessions. ●We assessed, over a 4‐year period, more than 20,000 individual apples and quantified variation across 39 phenotypes, including phenology and fruit quality both at harvest and after 3 months of cold storage. ●We observe that apples in the ABC display a wide range of phenotypic variation that may prove useful for future apple improvement. For example, apples can differ by nearly 61‐fold in weight, 18‐fold in acidity, and 100‐fold in phenolic content. We quantified the dramatic changes to apple physiology that occur during 3 months of cold storage: on average, apples lost 39% of their firmness, 31% of their acidity, and 9% of their weight, but gained 7% in soluble solids. Harvest date, flowering date, and time to ripen were all positively correlated with firmness, which suggests that the developmental pathways that drive phenological events throughout the growing season may play a role in determining an apple's texture. Finally, we show that apple breeding has selected for a significant decline in phenolic content over the past 200 years: apple cultivars released after 1940 had a 30% lower median phenolic content than cultivars released before 1940. ●The data and analyses presented here not only provide a comprehensive quantification of the range across, and relationships among diverse apple phenotypes, but they also enable genetic mapping studies that will provide the foundation for future apple improvement via genomics‐assisted breeding.https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10211applefruit qualitygermplasmMalus domesticaMalus sieversiiphenomics |
| spellingShingle | Sophie Watts Zoë Migicovsky Kendra A. McClure Cindy H. J. Yu Beatrice Amyotte Thomas Baker David Bowlby Karen Burgher‐MacLellan Laura Butler Richard Donald Lihua Fan Sherry Fillmore John Flewelling Kyle Gardner Mark Hodges Tim Hughes Vinetha Jagadeesan Naomi Lewis Edward MacDonell Laura MacVicar Michel McElroy Daniel Money Matthew O’Hara Quang Ong Leslie Campbell Palmer Jason Sawler Melinda Vinqvist‐Tymchuk HP Vasantha Rupasinghe John M. DeLong Charles F. Forney Jun Song Sean Myles Quantifying apple diversity: A phenomic characterization of Canada’s Apple Biodiversity Collection Plants, People, Planet apple fruit quality germplasm Malus domestica Malus sieversii phenomics |
| title | Quantifying apple diversity: A phenomic characterization of Canada’s Apple Biodiversity Collection |
| title_full | Quantifying apple diversity: A phenomic characterization of Canada’s Apple Biodiversity Collection |
| title_fullStr | Quantifying apple diversity: A phenomic characterization of Canada’s Apple Biodiversity Collection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying apple diversity: A phenomic characterization of Canada’s Apple Biodiversity Collection |
| title_short | Quantifying apple diversity: A phenomic characterization of Canada’s Apple Biodiversity Collection |
| title_sort | quantifying apple diversity a phenomic characterization of canada s apple biodiversity collection |
| topic | apple fruit quality germplasm Malus domestica Malus sieversii phenomics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10211 |
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