Epidemiological shifts in and impact of COVID-19 on streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in Japan: A genotypic analysis of group A Streptococcus isolates
Objectives: Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is caused by group A Streptococcus (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes) strains. In Japan, the number of STSS cases has decreased; however, the underlying reason remains unclear. Moreover, information on distribution and prevalence of specific emm types...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224000225 |
| _version_ | 1797209674330669056 |
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| author | Tadayoshi Ikebe Rumi Okuno Yumi Uchitani Takahiro Yamaguchi Junko Isobe Emi Maenishi Yoshimi Date Hitoshi Otsuka Yu Kazawa Shohei Fujita Ayaka Kobayashi Mami Takano Shinya Tsukamoto Yoshiko Kanda Makoto Ohnishi Yukihiro Akeda |
| author_facet | Tadayoshi Ikebe Rumi Okuno Yumi Uchitani Takahiro Yamaguchi Junko Isobe Emi Maenishi Yoshimi Date Hitoshi Otsuka Yu Kazawa Shohei Fujita Ayaka Kobayashi Mami Takano Shinya Tsukamoto Yoshiko Kanda Makoto Ohnishi Yukihiro Akeda |
| author_sort | Tadayoshi Ikebe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is caused by group A Streptococcus (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes) strains. In Japan, the number of STSS cases has decreased; however, the underlying reason remains unclear. Moreover, information on distribution and prevalence of specific emm types in STSS cases is scarce. Hence, we investigated the reason for the decreased number of STSS cases in Japan. Methods: We genotyped emm of 526 GAS isolates obtained from 526 patients with STSS between 2019 and 2022. The distributions of emm types in each year were compared. Results: The emm1 type was predominant, with the highest proportion in 2019, which decreased after 2020 following the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Strains isolated during the pandemic correlated with strains associated with skin infection, whereas those isolated during the prepandemic period correlated with strains associated with both throat and skin infections. The decrease in the annual number of STSS cases during the COVID-19 pandemic could be due to a decreased proportion of strains associated with pharyngeal infections. Conclusions: Potential associations between pandemic and STSS numbers with respect to public health measures, such as wearing masks and changes in healthcare-seeking behavior, may have affected the number of GAS-induced infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:58:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e7a4f7edf6e4af9816a7baa13750297 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1201-9712 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:58:27Z |
| publishDate | 2024-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e7a4f7edf6e4af9816a7baa137502972024-04-14T04:10:09ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases1201-97122024-05-01142106954Epidemiological shifts in and impact of COVID-19 on streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in Japan: A genotypic analysis of group A Streptococcus isolatesTadayoshi Ikebe0Rumi Okuno1Yumi Uchitani2Takahiro Yamaguchi3Junko Isobe4Emi Maenishi5Yoshimi Date6Hitoshi Otsuka7Yu Kazawa8Shohei Fujita9Ayaka Kobayashi10Mami Takano11Shinya Tsukamoto12Yoshiko Kanda13Makoto Ohnishi14Yukihiro Akeda15Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Corresponding author: Tadayoshi Ikebe, Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, JapanDivision of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, JapanDepartment of Bacteriology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Bacteriology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, JapanDivision of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Yamaguchi, JapanDivision of Microbiology, Fukushima Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Fukushima, JapanDivision of Microbiology, Fukushima Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Fukushima, JapanDivision of Microbiology, Fukushima Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Fukushima, JapanLaboratory of Microbiology, Oita Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Oita, JapanLaboratory of Microbiology, Oita Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Oita, JapanLaboratory of Microbiology, Oita Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Oita, JapanDepartment of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, JapanObjectives: Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is caused by group A Streptococcus (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes) strains. In Japan, the number of STSS cases has decreased; however, the underlying reason remains unclear. Moreover, information on distribution and prevalence of specific emm types in STSS cases is scarce. Hence, we investigated the reason for the decreased number of STSS cases in Japan. Methods: We genotyped emm of 526 GAS isolates obtained from 526 patients with STSS between 2019 and 2022. The distributions of emm types in each year were compared. Results: The emm1 type was predominant, with the highest proportion in 2019, which decreased after 2020 following the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Strains isolated during the pandemic correlated with strains associated with skin infection, whereas those isolated during the prepandemic period correlated with strains associated with both throat and skin infections. The decrease in the annual number of STSS cases during the COVID-19 pandemic could be due to a decreased proportion of strains associated with pharyngeal infections. Conclusions: Potential associations between pandemic and STSS numbers with respect to public health measures, such as wearing masks and changes in healthcare-seeking behavior, may have affected the number of GAS-induced infections.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224000225Streptococcus pyogenesGroup A StreptococcusStreptococcal toxic shock syndromeInvasive infectionCOVID-19 |
| spellingShingle | Tadayoshi Ikebe Rumi Okuno Yumi Uchitani Takahiro Yamaguchi Junko Isobe Emi Maenishi Yoshimi Date Hitoshi Otsuka Yu Kazawa Shohei Fujita Ayaka Kobayashi Mami Takano Shinya Tsukamoto Yoshiko Kanda Makoto Ohnishi Yukihiro Akeda Epidemiological shifts in and impact of COVID-19 on streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in Japan: A genotypic analysis of group A Streptococcus isolates International Journal of Infectious Diseases Streptococcus pyogenes Group A Streptococcus Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome Invasive infection COVID-19 |
| title | Epidemiological shifts in and impact of COVID-19 on streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in Japan: A genotypic analysis of group A Streptococcus isolates |
| title_full | Epidemiological shifts in and impact of COVID-19 on streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in Japan: A genotypic analysis of group A Streptococcus isolates |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiological shifts in and impact of COVID-19 on streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in Japan: A genotypic analysis of group A Streptococcus isolates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiological shifts in and impact of COVID-19 on streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in Japan: A genotypic analysis of group A Streptococcus isolates |
| title_short | Epidemiological shifts in and impact of COVID-19 on streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in Japan: A genotypic analysis of group A Streptococcus isolates |
| title_sort | epidemiological shifts in and impact of covid 19 on streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in japan a genotypic analysis of group a streptococcus isolates |
| topic | Streptococcus pyogenes Group A Streptococcus Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome Invasive infection COVID-19 |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224000225 |
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