LMP2 deficiency causes abnormal metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, myelin loss and neurobehavioral dysfunctions
Abstract Background Substantial evidence suggests that immunoproteasome is implicated in the various neurological diseases such as stroke, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether the immunoproteasome itself deficiency causes brain disease is still unclear. Therefore, the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Translational Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04071-0 |
| _version_ | 1797853569017184256 |
|---|---|
| author | Xingyong Chen Yanguang Mao Yueting Guo Dongyun Xiao Zejing Lin Yiyi Huang Ying Chun Liu Xu Zhang Yinzhou Wang |
| author_facet | Xingyong Chen Yanguang Mao Yueting Guo Dongyun Xiao Zejing Lin Yiyi Huang Ying Chun Liu Xu Zhang Yinzhou Wang |
| author_sort | Xingyong Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Substantial evidence suggests that immunoproteasome is implicated in the various neurological diseases such as stroke, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether the immunoproteasome itself deficiency causes brain disease is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the contribution of the immunoproteasome subunit low molecular weight protein 2 (LMP2) in neurobehavioral functions. Methods Male LMP2 gene completed knockout (LMP2-KO) and littermate wild type (WT) Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats aged 12-month-old were used for neurobehavioral testing and detection of proteins expression by western blotting and immunofluorescence. A battery of neurobehavioral test tools including Morris water maze (MWM), open field maze, elevated plus maze were used to evaluate the neurobehavioral changes in rats. Evans blue (EB) assay, Luxol fast blue (LFB) and Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining were applied to explore the blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity, brain myelin damage and brain intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, respectively. Results We firstly found that LMP2 gene deletion did not cause significantly difference in rats’ daily feeding activity, growth and development as well as blood routine, but it led to metabolic abnormalities including higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid and blood glucose in the LMP2-KO rats. Compared with the WT rats, LMP2-KO rats displayed obviously cognitive impairment and decreased exploratory activities, increased anxiety-like behavior and without strong effects on gross locomotor abilities. Furthermore, multiple myelin loss, increased BBB leakage, downregulation of tight junction proteins ZO-1, claudin-5 and occluding, and enhanced amyloid-β protein deposition were observed in brain regions of LMP2-KO rats. In addition, LMP2 deficiency significantly enhanced oxidative stress with elevated levels of ROS, caused the reactivation of astrocytes and microglials and markedly upregulated protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared to the WT rats, respectively. Conclusion These findings highlight LMP2 gene global deletion causes significant neurobehavioral dysfunctions. All these factors including metabolic abnormalities, multiple myelin loss, elevated levels of ROS, increased BBB leakage and enhanced amyloid-β protein deposition maybe work together and eventually led to chronic oxidative stress and neuroinflammation response in the brain regions of LMP2-KO rats, which contributed to the initial and progress of cognitive impairment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:52:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e8db32bce9742d0b7327087976daf7e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1479-5876 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:52:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Translational Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e8db32bce9742d0b7327087976daf7e2023-04-03T05:38:49ZengBMCJournal of Translational Medicine1479-58762023-03-0121111610.1186/s12967-023-04071-0LMP2 deficiency causes abnormal metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, myelin loss and neurobehavioral dysfunctionsXingyong Chen0Yanguang Mao1Yueting Guo2Dongyun Xiao3Zejing Lin4Yiyi Huang5Ying Chun Liu6Xu Zhang7Yinzhou Wang8Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityAbstract Background Substantial evidence suggests that immunoproteasome is implicated in the various neurological diseases such as stroke, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether the immunoproteasome itself deficiency causes brain disease is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the contribution of the immunoproteasome subunit low molecular weight protein 2 (LMP2) in neurobehavioral functions. Methods Male LMP2 gene completed knockout (LMP2-KO) and littermate wild type (WT) Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats aged 12-month-old were used for neurobehavioral testing and detection of proteins expression by western blotting and immunofluorescence. A battery of neurobehavioral test tools including Morris water maze (MWM), open field maze, elevated plus maze were used to evaluate the neurobehavioral changes in rats. Evans blue (EB) assay, Luxol fast blue (LFB) and Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining were applied to explore the blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity, brain myelin damage and brain intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, respectively. Results We firstly found that LMP2 gene deletion did not cause significantly difference in rats’ daily feeding activity, growth and development as well as blood routine, but it led to metabolic abnormalities including higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid and blood glucose in the LMP2-KO rats. Compared with the WT rats, LMP2-KO rats displayed obviously cognitive impairment and decreased exploratory activities, increased anxiety-like behavior and without strong effects on gross locomotor abilities. Furthermore, multiple myelin loss, increased BBB leakage, downregulation of tight junction proteins ZO-1, claudin-5 and occluding, and enhanced amyloid-β protein deposition were observed in brain regions of LMP2-KO rats. In addition, LMP2 deficiency significantly enhanced oxidative stress with elevated levels of ROS, caused the reactivation of astrocytes and microglials and markedly upregulated protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared to the WT rats, respectively. Conclusion These findings highlight LMP2 gene global deletion causes significant neurobehavioral dysfunctions. All these factors including metabolic abnormalities, multiple myelin loss, elevated levels of ROS, increased BBB leakage and enhanced amyloid-β protein deposition maybe work together and eventually led to chronic oxidative stress and neuroinflammation response in the brain regions of LMP2-KO rats, which contributed to the initial and progress of cognitive impairment.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04071-0Oxidative stressBlood–brain barrierImmunoproteasomeNeuroinflammationCognitive impairment |
| spellingShingle | Xingyong Chen Yanguang Mao Yueting Guo Dongyun Xiao Zejing Lin Yiyi Huang Ying Chun Liu Xu Zhang Yinzhou Wang LMP2 deficiency causes abnormal metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, myelin loss and neurobehavioral dysfunctions Journal of Translational Medicine Oxidative stress Blood–brain barrier Immunoproteasome Neuroinflammation Cognitive impairment |
| title | LMP2 deficiency causes abnormal metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, myelin loss and neurobehavioral dysfunctions |
| title_full | LMP2 deficiency causes abnormal metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, myelin loss and neurobehavioral dysfunctions |
| title_fullStr | LMP2 deficiency causes abnormal metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, myelin loss and neurobehavioral dysfunctions |
| title_full_unstemmed | LMP2 deficiency causes abnormal metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, myelin loss and neurobehavioral dysfunctions |
| title_short | LMP2 deficiency causes abnormal metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, myelin loss and neurobehavioral dysfunctions |
| title_sort | lmp2 deficiency causes abnormal metabolism oxidative stress neuroinflammation myelin loss and neurobehavioral dysfunctions |
| topic | Oxidative stress Blood–brain barrier Immunoproteasome Neuroinflammation Cognitive impairment |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04071-0 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xingyongchen lmp2deficiencycausesabnormalmetabolismoxidativestressneuroinflammationmyelinlossandneurobehavioraldysfunctions AT yanguangmao lmp2deficiencycausesabnormalmetabolismoxidativestressneuroinflammationmyelinlossandneurobehavioraldysfunctions AT yuetingguo lmp2deficiencycausesabnormalmetabolismoxidativestressneuroinflammationmyelinlossandneurobehavioraldysfunctions AT dongyunxiao lmp2deficiencycausesabnormalmetabolismoxidativestressneuroinflammationmyelinlossandneurobehavioraldysfunctions AT zejinglin lmp2deficiencycausesabnormalmetabolismoxidativestressneuroinflammationmyelinlossandneurobehavioraldysfunctions AT yiyihuang lmp2deficiencycausesabnormalmetabolismoxidativestressneuroinflammationmyelinlossandneurobehavioraldysfunctions AT yingchunliu lmp2deficiencycausesabnormalmetabolismoxidativestressneuroinflammationmyelinlossandneurobehavioraldysfunctions AT xuzhang lmp2deficiencycausesabnormalmetabolismoxidativestressneuroinflammationmyelinlossandneurobehavioraldysfunctions AT yinzhouwang lmp2deficiencycausesabnormalmetabolismoxidativestressneuroinflammationmyelinlossandneurobehavioraldysfunctions |