Canine Mammary Cancer: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
Mammary cancer is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasia in women and non-spayed female dogs and is one of the leading causes of death in both species. Canines develop spontaneous mammary tumors that share a significant number of biological, clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics with...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/19/3147 |
| _version_ | 1827722868031488000 |
|---|---|
| author | Eliza Vazquez Yulia Lipovka Alejandro Cervantes-Arias Adriana Garibay-Escobar Michelle M. Haby Felisbina Luisa Queiroga Carlos Velazquez |
| author_facet | Eliza Vazquez Yulia Lipovka Alejandro Cervantes-Arias Adriana Garibay-Escobar Michelle M. Haby Felisbina Luisa Queiroga Carlos Velazquez |
| author_sort | Eliza Vazquez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mammary cancer is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasia in women and non-spayed female dogs and is one of the leading causes of death in both species. Canines develop spontaneous mammary tumors that share a significant number of biological, clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics with human breast cancers. This review provides a detailed description of the histological, molecular and clinical aspects of mammary cancer in canines; it discusses risk factors and currently available diagnostic and treatment options, as well as remaining challenges and unanswered questions. The incidence of mammary tumors is highly variable and is impacted by biological, pathological, cultural and socioeconomic factors, including hormonal status, breed, advanced age, obesity and diet. Diagnosis is mainly based on histopathology, although several efforts have been made to establish a molecular classification of canine mammary tumors to widen the spectrum of treatment options, which today rely heavily on surgical removal of tumors. Lastly, standardization of clinical study protocols, development of canine-specific biological tools, establishment of adequate dog-specific disease biomarkers and identification of targets for the development of new therapies that could improve survival and have less adverse effects than chemotherapy are among the remaining challenges. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:50:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e9b5c17d3bd459db54edf4aa326afee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:50:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e9b5c17d3bd459db54edf4aa326afee2023-11-19T14:00:51ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-10-011319314710.3390/ani13193147Canine Mammary Cancer: State of the Art and Future PerspectivesEliza Vazquez0Yulia Lipovka1Alejandro Cervantes-Arias2Adriana Garibay-Escobar3Michelle M. Haby4Felisbina Luisa Queiroga5Carlos Velazquez6Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, MexicoDepartment of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, MexicoDepartment of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, The National University of Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Investigación Científica 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04360, MexicoDepartment of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, MexicoDepartment of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, MexicoCECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, PortugalDepartment of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, MexicoMammary cancer is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasia in women and non-spayed female dogs and is one of the leading causes of death in both species. Canines develop spontaneous mammary tumors that share a significant number of biological, clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics with human breast cancers. This review provides a detailed description of the histological, molecular and clinical aspects of mammary cancer in canines; it discusses risk factors and currently available diagnostic and treatment options, as well as remaining challenges and unanswered questions. The incidence of mammary tumors is highly variable and is impacted by biological, pathological, cultural and socioeconomic factors, including hormonal status, breed, advanced age, obesity and diet. Diagnosis is mainly based on histopathology, although several efforts have been made to establish a molecular classification of canine mammary tumors to widen the spectrum of treatment options, which today rely heavily on surgical removal of tumors. Lastly, standardization of clinical study protocols, development of canine-specific biological tools, establishment of adequate dog-specific disease biomarkers and identification of targets for the development of new therapies that could improve survival and have less adverse effects than chemotherapy are among the remaining challenges.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/19/3147mammary cancercaninemolecular classificationdiagnosistreatment |
| spellingShingle | Eliza Vazquez Yulia Lipovka Alejandro Cervantes-Arias Adriana Garibay-Escobar Michelle M. Haby Felisbina Luisa Queiroga Carlos Velazquez Canine Mammary Cancer: State of the Art and Future Perspectives Animals mammary cancer canine molecular classification diagnosis treatment |
| title | Canine Mammary Cancer: State of the Art and Future Perspectives |
| title_full | Canine Mammary Cancer: State of the Art and Future Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Canine Mammary Cancer: State of the Art and Future Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Canine Mammary Cancer: State of the Art and Future Perspectives |
| title_short | Canine Mammary Cancer: State of the Art and Future Perspectives |
| title_sort | canine mammary cancer state of the art and future perspectives |
| topic | mammary cancer canine molecular classification diagnosis treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/19/3147 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elizavazquez caninemammarycancerstateoftheartandfutureperspectives AT yulialipovka caninemammarycancerstateoftheartandfutureperspectives AT alejandrocervantesarias caninemammarycancerstateoftheartandfutureperspectives AT adrianagaribayescobar caninemammarycancerstateoftheartandfutureperspectives AT michellemhaby caninemammarycancerstateoftheartandfutureperspectives AT felisbinaluisaqueiroga caninemammarycancerstateoftheartandfutureperspectives AT carlosvelazquez caninemammarycancerstateoftheartandfutureperspectives |