Calibration of Acoustic Emission Parameters in Relation to the Equilibrium Moisture Content Variations in a <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> Beam
Under constant temperature conditions, air relative humidity variations affect hygroscopic objects, such as wood, modifying their moisture content and provoking, at low values, damages and fractures. The parameters (amplitude, counts, and energy) derived from the acoustic emission non-destructive te...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/11/5236 |
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| author | Beatrice Bartolucci Francesca Frasca Anna Maria Siani Chiara Bertolin |
| author_facet | Beatrice Bartolucci Francesca Frasca Anna Maria Siani Chiara Bertolin |
| author_sort | Beatrice Bartolucci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Under constant temperature conditions, air relative humidity variations affect hygroscopic objects, such as wood, modifying their moisture content and provoking, at low values, damages and fractures. The parameters (amplitude, counts, and energy) derived from the acoustic emission non-destructive technique are calibrated with respect to equilibrium moisture content values using 14 samplings of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>. The experimental procedure uses multi-technique approaches involving a universal testing machine, digital image correlation, and acoustic emissions, and notes that the three parameters of acoustic emission strictly depend on the equilibrium moisture content. For a better interpretation, a statistical approach is applied to model the equilibrium moisture content variations radially and longitudinally. Amplitude, counts, and energy are calibrated as a function of the equilibrium moisture content, indicating that all three parameters are necessary to have an integral vision of the conservation of a wooden material. Moreover, the shape of the macro-fractures that occur at the surface can be associated with the level of moisture or dryness of the sample. Finally, the proposed method can be used in situ because, through acoustic emission monitoring, it is possible to quantify the fingerprint of the state of conservation of a material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:41:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e9c44e2e72b4bbeab947b8d0a978ead |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:41:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e9c44e2e72b4bbeab947b8d0a978ead2023-11-21T22:51:17ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-06-011111523610.3390/app11115236Calibration of Acoustic Emission Parameters in Relation to the Equilibrium Moisture Content Variations in a <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> BeamBeatrice Bartolucci0Francesca Frasca1Anna Maria Siani2Chiara Bertolin3Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Richard Birkelands vei 2B, Gløshaugen, 7491 Trondheim, NorwayUnder constant temperature conditions, air relative humidity variations affect hygroscopic objects, such as wood, modifying their moisture content and provoking, at low values, damages and fractures. The parameters (amplitude, counts, and energy) derived from the acoustic emission non-destructive technique are calibrated with respect to equilibrium moisture content values using 14 samplings of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>. The experimental procedure uses multi-technique approaches involving a universal testing machine, digital image correlation, and acoustic emissions, and notes that the three parameters of acoustic emission strictly depend on the equilibrium moisture content. For a better interpretation, a statistical approach is applied to model the equilibrium moisture content variations radially and longitudinally. Amplitude, counts, and energy are calibrated as a function of the equilibrium moisture content, indicating that all three parameters are necessary to have an integral vision of the conservation of a wooden material. Moreover, the shape of the macro-fractures that occur at the surface can be associated with the level of moisture or dryness of the sample. Finally, the proposed method can be used in situ because, through acoustic emission monitoring, it is possible to quantify the fingerprint of the state of conservation of a material.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/11/5236woodacoustic emissionnon-destructive evaluationequilibrium moisture contentcultural heritagecondition monitoring |
| spellingShingle | Beatrice Bartolucci Francesca Frasca Anna Maria Siani Chiara Bertolin Calibration of Acoustic Emission Parameters in Relation to the Equilibrium Moisture Content Variations in a <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> Beam Applied Sciences wood acoustic emission non-destructive evaluation equilibrium moisture content cultural heritage condition monitoring |
| title | Calibration of Acoustic Emission Parameters in Relation to the Equilibrium Moisture Content Variations in a <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> Beam |
| title_full | Calibration of Acoustic Emission Parameters in Relation to the Equilibrium Moisture Content Variations in a <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> Beam |
| title_fullStr | Calibration of Acoustic Emission Parameters in Relation to the Equilibrium Moisture Content Variations in a <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> Beam |
| title_full_unstemmed | Calibration of Acoustic Emission Parameters in Relation to the Equilibrium Moisture Content Variations in a <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> Beam |
| title_short | Calibration of Acoustic Emission Parameters in Relation to the Equilibrium Moisture Content Variations in a <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> Beam |
| title_sort | calibration of acoustic emission parameters in relation to the equilibrium moisture content variations in a i pinus sylvestris i beam |
| topic | wood acoustic emission non-destructive evaluation equilibrium moisture content cultural heritage condition monitoring |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/11/5236 |
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