Concept and Design of Martian Far-IR ORE Spectrometer (MIRORES)
Sulfide ores are a major source of noble (Au, Ag, and Pt) and base (Cu, Pb, Zn, Sn, Co, Ni, etc.) metals and will, therefore, be vital for the self-sustainment of future Mars colonies. Martian meteorites are rich in sulfides, which is reflected in recent findings for surface Martian rocks analyzed b...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Remote Sensing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2799 |
| _version_ | 1797482719878316032 |
|---|---|
| author | Jakub Ciazela Jaroslaw Bakala Miroslaw Kowalinski Stefan Plocieniak Natalia Zalewska Bartosz Pieterek Tomasz Mrozek Marta Ciazela Grzegorz Paslawski Marek Steslicki Zaneta Szaforz Jaromir Barylak Mateusz Kuzaj Alessandro Maturilli Joern Helbert Andrzej Muszynski Miroslaw Rataj Szymon Gburek Mateusz Jozefowicz Dariusz Marciniak |
| author_facet | Jakub Ciazela Jaroslaw Bakala Miroslaw Kowalinski Stefan Plocieniak Natalia Zalewska Bartosz Pieterek Tomasz Mrozek Marta Ciazela Grzegorz Paslawski Marek Steslicki Zaneta Szaforz Jaromir Barylak Mateusz Kuzaj Alessandro Maturilli Joern Helbert Andrzej Muszynski Miroslaw Rataj Szymon Gburek Mateusz Jozefowicz Dariusz Marciniak |
| author_sort | Jakub Ciazela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sulfide ores are a major source of noble (Au, Ag, and Pt) and base (Cu, Pb, Zn, Sn, Co, Ni, etc.) metals and will, therefore, be vital for the self-sustainment of future Mars colonies. Martian meteorites are rich in sulfides, which is reflected in recent findings for surface Martian rocks analyzed by the Spirit and Curiosity rovers. However, the only high-resolution (18 m/pixel) infrared (IR) spectrometer orbiting Mars, the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM), onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), is not well-suited for detecting sulfides on the Martian surface. Spectral interference with silicates impedes sulfide detection in the 0.4–3.9 μm CRISM range. In contrast, at least three common hydrothermal sulfides on Earth and Mars (pyrite, chalcopyrite, marcasite) have prominent absorption peaks in a narrow far-IR (FIR) wavelength range of 23–28 μm. Identifying the global distribution and chemical composition of sulfide ore deposits would help in choosing useful targets for future Mars exploration missions. Therefore, we have designed a new instrument suitable for measuring sulfides in the FIR range called the Martian far-IR Ore Spectrometer (MIRORES). MIRORES will measure radiation in six narrow bands (~0.3 µm in width), including three bands centered on the sulfide absorption bands (23.2, 24.3 and 27.6 µm), two reference bands (21.5 and 26.1) and one band for clinopyroxene interference (29.0 µm). Focusing on sulfides only will make it possible to adapt the instrument size (32 × 32 × 42 cm) and mass (<10 kg) to common microsatellite requirements. The biggest challenges related to this design are: (1) the small field of view conditioned by the high resolution required for such a study (<20 m/pixel), which, in limited space, can only be achieved by the use of the Cassegrain optical system; and (2) a relatively stable measurement temperature to maintain radiometric accuracy and enable precise calibration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:36:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2e9eab2296cf473c896f546bf2a6d9fe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:36:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-2e9eab2296cf473c896f546bf2a6d9fe2023-11-23T18:47:05ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-06-011412279910.3390/rs14122799Concept and Design of Martian Far-IR ORE Spectrometer (MIRORES)Jakub Ciazela0Jaroslaw Bakala1Miroslaw Kowalinski2Stefan Plocieniak3Natalia Zalewska4Bartosz Pieterek5Tomasz Mrozek6Marta Ciazela7Grzegorz Paslawski8Marek Steslicki9Zaneta Szaforz10Jaromir Barylak11Mateusz Kuzaj12Alessandro Maturilli13Joern Helbert14Andrzej Muszynski15Miroslaw Rataj16Szymon Gburek17Mateusz Jozefowicz18Dariusz Marciniak19Research Centre in Wrocław, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Podwale 75, 50-449 Wrocław, PolandSpace Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warsaw, PolandSpace Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warsaw, PolandSpace Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warsaw, PolandSpace Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Bogumiła Krygowskiego 12, 61-680 Poznań, PolandSpace Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warsaw, PolandResearch Centre in Wrocław, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Podwale 75, 50-449 Wrocław, PolandResearch Centre in Wrocław, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Podwale 75, 50-449 Wrocław, PolandSpace Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warsaw, PolandSpace Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warsaw, PolandSpace Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, PolandInstitut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, GermanyInstitut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Bogumiła Krygowskiego 12, 61-680 Poznań, PolandSpace Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warsaw, PolandSpace Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warsaw, PolandEuropean Space Foundation, Grodzka 42/1, 31-044 Kraków, PolandResearch Centre in Wrocław, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Podwale 75, 50-449 Wrocław, PolandSulfide ores are a major source of noble (Au, Ag, and Pt) and base (Cu, Pb, Zn, Sn, Co, Ni, etc.) metals and will, therefore, be vital for the self-sustainment of future Mars colonies. Martian meteorites are rich in sulfides, which is reflected in recent findings for surface Martian rocks analyzed by the Spirit and Curiosity rovers. However, the only high-resolution (18 m/pixel) infrared (IR) spectrometer orbiting Mars, the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM), onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), is not well-suited for detecting sulfides on the Martian surface. Spectral interference with silicates impedes sulfide detection in the 0.4–3.9 μm CRISM range. In contrast, at least three common hydrothermal sulfides on Earth and Mars (pyrite, chalcopyrite, marcasite) have prominent absorption peaks in a narrow far-IR (FIR) wavelength range of 23–28 μm. Identifying the global distribution and chemical composition of sulfide ore deposits would help in choosing useful targets for future Mars exploration missions. Therefore, we have designed a new instrument suitable for measuring sulfides in the FIR range called the Martian far-IR Ore Spectrometer (MIRORES). MIRORES will measure radiation in six narrow bands (~0.3 µm in width), including three bands centered on the sulfide absorption bands (23.2, 24.3 and 27.6 µm), two reference bands (21.5 and 26.1) and one band for clinopyroxene interference (29.0 µm). Focusing on sulfides only will make it possible to adapt the instrument size (32 × 32 × 42 cm) and mass (<10 kg) to common microsatellite requirements. The biggest challenges related to this design are: (1) the small field of view conditioned by the high resolution required for such a study (<20 m/pixel), which, in limited space, can only be achieved by the use of the Cassegrain optical system; and (2) a relatively stable measurement temperature to maintain radiometric accuracy and enable precise calibration.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2799sulfidesore mineralsMarsmicrosatellitefar-infrared spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Jakub Ciazela Jaroslaw Bakala Miroslaw Kowalinski Stefan Plocieniak Natalia Zalewska Bartosz Pieterek Tomasz Mrozek Marta Ciazela Grzegorz Paslawski Marek Steslicki Zaneta Szaforz Jaromir Barylak Mateusz Kuzaj Alessandro Maturilli Joern Helbert Andrzej Muszynski Miroslaw Rataj Szymon Gburek Mateusz Jozefowicz Dariusz Marciniak Concept and Design of Martian Far-IR ORE Spectrometer (MIRORES) Remote Sensing sulfides ore minerals Mars microsatellite far-infrared spectroscopy |
| title | Concept and Design of Martian Far-IR ORE Spectrometer (MIRORES) |
| title_full | Concept and Design of Martian Far-IR ORE Spectrometer (MIRORES) |
| title_fullStr | Concept and Design of Martian Far-IR ORE Spectrometer (MIRORES) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Concept and Design of Martian Far-IR ORE Spectrometer (MIRORES) |
| title_short | Concept and Design of Martian Far-IR ORE Spectrometer (MIRORES) |
| title_sort | concept and design of martian far ir ore spectrometer mirores |
| topic | sulfides ore minerals Mars microsatellite far-infrared spectroscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/12/2799 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jakubciazela conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT jaroslawbakala conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT miroslawkowalinski conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT stefanplocieniak conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT nataliazalewska conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT bartoszpieterek conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT tomaszmrozek conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT martaciazela conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT grzegorzpaslawski conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT mareksteslicki conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT zanetaszaforz conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT jaromirbarylak conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT mateuszkuzaj conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT alessandromaturilli conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT joernhelbert conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT andrzejmuszynski conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT miroslawrataj conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT szymongburek conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT mateuszjozefowicz conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores AT dariuszmarciniak conceptanddesignofmartianfarirorespectrometermirores |