The Effect of Salinity Stress on Enzyme Activities, Histology, and Transcriptome of Silver Carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>)
A 56-day study was performed to examine the effect of freshwater (FW) and brackish water (BW 6‰ salinity) on the antioxidant ability, Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activities, histology, and transcriptome of the gill and kidney tissue in juvenile silver carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>). T...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/11/1580 |
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| author | Yuhan Jiang Chen Yuan Ming Qi Qigen Liu Zhongjun Hu |
| author_facet | Yuhan Jiang Chen Yuan Ming Qi Qigen Liu Zhongjun Hu |
| author_sort | Yuhan Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A 56-day study was performed to examine the effect of freshwater (FW) and brackish water (BW 6‰ salinity) on the antioxidant ability, Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activities, histology, and transcriptome of the gill and kidney tissue in juvenile silver carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>). The results show that when juvenile silver carp were exposed to 6‰ salinity, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were shown to be substantially increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities in gill were not significantly affected (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In kidney tissue, SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX, enzyme activities peaked at 24, 8, and 4 h, respectively, but were not significantly different compared with the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, significant effects of salinity were observed for the NKA level in both the gills and kidney tissues (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The gill filaments of juvenile silver carp under the BW group all underwent adverse changes within 72 h, such as cracks and ruptures in the main part of the gill filaments, bending of the gill lamellae and enlargement of the gaps, and an increase in the number of mucus and chloride-secreting cells. Transcriptome sequencing showed 171 and 261 genes in the gill and kidney tissues of juvenile silver carp compared to the BW group, respectively. Based on their gene ontology annotations, transcripts were sorted into four functional gene groups, each of which may play a role in salt tolerance. Systems involved in these processes include metabolism, signal transduction, immunoinflammatory response, and ion transport. The above findings indicate that the regulation processes in juvenile silver carp under brackish water conditions are complex and multifaceted. These processes and mechanisms shed light on the regulatory mechanism of silver carp osmolarity and provide a theoretical foundation for future research into silver carp growth in brackish water aquaculture area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:14:56Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:14:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ea212923e3f4986b75d73c5272529002023-11-24T03:47:45ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-10-011111158010.3390/biology11111580The Effect of Salinity Stress on Enzyme Activities, Histology, and Transcriptome of Silver Carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>)Yuhan Jiang0Chen Yuan1Ming Qi2Qigen Liu3Zhongjun Hu4Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 200120, ChinaCentre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 200120, ChinaZhejiang Fisheries Technical Extension Center, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaCentre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 200120, ChinaCentre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 200120, ChinaA 56-day study was performed to examine the effect of freshwater (FW) and brackish water (BW 6‰ salinity) on the antioxidant ability, Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activities, histology, and transcriptome of the gill and kidney tissue in juvenile silver carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>). The results show that when juvenile silver carp were exposed to 6‰ salinity, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were shown to be substantially increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities in gill were not significantly affected (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In kidney tissue, SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX, enzyme activities peaked at 24, 8, and 4 h, respectively, but were not significantly different compared with the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, significant effects of salinity were observed for the NKA level in both the gills and kidney tissues (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The gill filaments of juvenile silver carp under the BW group all underwent adverse changes within 72 h, such as cracks and ruptures in the main part of the gill filaments, bending of the gill lamellae and enlargement of the gaps, and an increase in the number of mucus and chloride-secreting cells. Transcriptome sequencing showed 171 and 261 genes in the gill and kidney tissues of juvenile silver carp compared to the BW group, respectively. Based on their gene ontology annotations, transcripts were sorted into four functional gene groups, each of which may play a role in salt tolerance. Systems involved in these processes include metabolism, signal transduction, immunoinflammatory response, and ion transport. The above findings indicate that the regulation processes in juvenile silver carp under brackish water conditions are complex and multifaceted. These processes and mechanisms shed light on the regulatory mechanism of silver carp osmolarity and provide a theoretical foundation for future research into silver carp growth in brackish water aquaculture area.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/11/1580silver carp<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>salinityenzyme activitieshistologytranscriptome |
| spellingShingle | Yuhan Jiang Chen Yuan Ming Qi Qigen Liu Zhongjun Hu The Effect of Salinity Stress on Enzyme Activities, Histology, and Transcriptome of Silver Carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>) Biology silver carp <i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i> salinity enzyme activities histology transcriptome |
| title | The Effect of Salinity Stress on Enzyme Activities, Histology, and Transcriptome of Silver Carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>) |
| title_full | The Effect of Salinity Stress on Enzyme Activities, Histology, and Transcriptome of Silver Carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>) |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Salinity Stress on Enzyme Activities, Histology, and Transcriptome of Silver Carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Salinity Stress on Enzyme Activities, Histology, and Transcriptome of Silver Carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>) |
| title_short | The Effect of Salinity Stress on Enzyme Activities, Histology, and Transcriptome of Silver Carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>) |
| title_sort | effect of salinity stress on enzyme activities histology and transcriptome of silver carp i hypophthalmichthys molitrix i |
| topic | silver carp <i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i> salinity enzyme activities histology transcriptome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/11/1580 |
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