Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (<i>Liza ramada</i>)
Marine-derived substances are known for their beneficial influences on aquatic animals’ performances and are recommended to improve intestinal health, immunity, and anti-oxidative status. The present study investigates the role of chitosan nanoparticles on the intestinal histo-morphometrical feature...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/12/611 |
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| author | Mahmoud A.O. Dawood Mahmoud S. Gewaily Ali A. Soliman Mustafa Shukry Asem A. Amer Elsayed M. Younis Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith Hien Van Doan Adel H. Saad Mohamed Aboubakr Hany M.R. Abdel-Latif Sabreen E. Fadl |
| author_facet | Mahmoud A.O. Dawood Mahmoud S. Gewaily Ali A. Soliman Mustafa Shukry Asem A. Amer Elsayed M. Younis Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith Hien Van Doan Adel H. Saad Mohamed Aboubakr Hany M.R. Abdel-Latif Sabreen E. Fadl |
| author_sort | Mahmoud A.O. Dawood |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Marine-derived substances are known for their beneficial influences on aquatic animals’ performances and are recommended to improve intestinal health, immunity, and anti-oxidative status. The present study investigates the role of chitosan nanoparticles on the intestinal histo-morphometrical features in association with the health and immune response of Grey Mullet (<i>Liza ramada</i>). Chitosan nanoparticles are included in the diets at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg and introduced to fish in a successive feeding trial for eight weeks. The final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) parameters are significantly increased while feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreases by chitosan nanoparticles compared to the control (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The morphometric analysis of the intestines reveals a significant improvement in villus height, villus width, and the number of goblet cells in chitosan-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between the thickness of the enterocyte brush border and the chitosan dose, referring to an increasing absorptive activity. Histologically, the intestinal wall of Grey Mullet consists of four layers; mucosa, sub-mucosa, tunica muscularis (muscular layers), and serosa. The histological examination of the <i>L. ramada</i> intestine shows a normal histo-morphology. The epithelial layer of intestinal mucosa is thrown into elongated finger-like projections, the intestinal villi. The values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells (RBCs), total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin are significantly increased in fish fed 1, and 2 g/kg of chitosan nanoparticles compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The highest levels of TP and albumin are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are significantly enhanced by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg, whereas the phagocytic activity is improved in fish fed 1 and 2 g/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The highest lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg. SOD is significantly activated by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 1 g/kg. Simultaneously, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities also are enhanced by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The highest GPx and CAT activities are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conversely, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are decreased by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, with the lowest being in fish fed 1 g/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). To summarize, the results elucidate that <i>L. ramada</i> fed dietary chitosan nanoparticles have a marked growth rate, immune response, and anti-oxidative response. These improvements are attributed to the potential role of chitosan nanoparticles in enhancing intestinal histo-morphometry and intestinal health. These results soundly support the possibility of using chitosan nanoparticles at 1–2 g/kg as a feasible functional supplement for aquatic animals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:24:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ea4a7997e134a489e39bdeb5bfdc22a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:24:02Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ea4a7997e134a489e39bdeb5bfdc22a2023-11-20T23:06:02ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972020-12-01181261110.3390/md18120611Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (<i>Liza ramada</i>)Mahmoud A.O. Dawood0Mahmoud S. Gewaily1Ali A. Soliman2Mustafa Shukry3Asem A. Amer4Elsayed M. Younis5Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith6Hien Van Doan7Adel H. Saad8Mohamed Aboubakr9Hany M.R. Abdel-Latif10Sabreen E. Fadl11Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, EgyptDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, EgyptFish Nutrition Laboratory, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria 21556, EgyptDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, EgyptCentral Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Sharkia, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Kafrelsheikh 33516, EgyptDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandNutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51744, EgyptPharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, EgyptDepartment of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, EgyptBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51744, EgyptMarine-derived substances are known for their beneficial influences on aquatic animals’ performances and are recommended to improve intestinal health, immunity, and anti-oxidative status. The present study investigates the role of chitosan nanoparticles on the intestinal histo-morphometrical features in association with the health and immune response of Grey Mullet (<i>Liza ramada</i>). Chitosan nanoparticles are included in the diets at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg and introduced to fish in a successive feeding trial for eight weeks. The final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) parameters are significantly increased while feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreases by chitosan nanoparticles compared to the control (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The morphometric analysis of the intestines reveals a significant improvement in villus height, villus width, and the number of goblet cells in chitosan-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between the thickness of the enterocyte brush border and the chitosan dose, referring to an increasing absorptive activity. Histologically, the intestinal wall of Grey Mullet consists of four layers; mucosa, sub-mucosa, tunica muscularis (muscular layers), and serosa. The histological examination of the <i>L. ramada</i> intestine shows a normal histo-morphology. The epithelial layer of intestinal mucosa is thrown into elongated finger-like projections, the intestinal villi. The values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells (RBCs), total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin are significantly increased in fish fed 1, and 2 g/kg of chitosan nanoparticles compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The highest levels of TP and albumin are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are significantly enhanced by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg, whereas the phagocytic activity is improved in fish fed 1 and 2 g/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The highest lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg. SOD is significantly activated by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 1 g/kg. Simultaneously, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities also are enhanced by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The highest GPx and CAT activities are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conversely, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are decreased by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, with the lowest being in fish fed 1 g/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). To summarize, the results elucidate that <i>L. ramada</i> fed dietary chitosan nanoparticles have a marked growth rate, immune response, and anti-oxidative response. These improvements are attributed to the potential role of chitosan nanoparticles in enhancing intestinal histo-morphometry and intestinal health. These results soundly support the possibility of using chitosan nanoparticles at 1–2 g/kg as a feasible functional supplement for aquatic animals.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/12/611nanotechnologymarine chitinGrey Mulletintestinal healthimmunity |
| spellingShingle | Mahmoud A.O. Dawood Mahmoud S. Gewaily Ali A. Soliman Mustafa Shukry Asem A. Amer Elsayed M. Younis Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith Hien Van Doan Adel H. Saad Mohamed Aboubakr Hany M.R. Abdel-Latif Sabreen E. Fadl Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (<i>Liza ramada</i>) Marine Drugs nanotechnology marine chitin Grey Mullet intestinal health immunity |
| title | Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (<i>Liza ramada</i>) |
| title_full | Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (<i>Liza ramada</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (<i>Liza ramada</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (<i>Liza ramada</i>) |
| title_short | Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (<i>Liza ramada</i>) |
| title_sort | marine derived chitosan nanoparticles improved the intestinal histo morphometrical features in association with the health and immune response of grey mullet i liza ramada i |
| topic | nanotechnology marine chitin Grey Mullet intestinal health immunity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/12/611 |
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