Anxiety in Polish adult patients with inborn errors of immunity: a cross-sectional study
BackgroundPatients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) experience recurrent infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. Owing to repeated medical procedures, the need for constant treatment and surveillance, and the unpredictable course of the disease, patients with IEI are prone to develop mental...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1293935/full |
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| author | Kinga Grochowalska Marcin Ziętkiewicz Katarzyna Nowicka-Sauer Mariusz Topolski Ewa Więsik-Szewczyk Aleksandra Matyja-Bednarczyk Katarzyna Napiórkowska-Baran Zbigniew Zdrojewski |
| author_facet | Kinga Grochowalska Marcin Ziętkiewicz Katarzyna Nowicka-Sauer Mariusz Topolski Ewa Więsik-Szewczyk Aleksandra Matyja-Bednarczyk Katarzyna Napiórkowska-Baran Zbigniew Zdrojewski |
| author_sort | Kinga Grochowalska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundPatients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) experience recurrent infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. Owing to repeated medical procedures, the need for constant treatment and surveillance, and the unpredictable course of the disease, patients with IEI are prone to develop mental health disorders, including anxiety. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and level of anxiety symptoms in adult Polish patients with IEI and explore the determinants of anxiety in this group of patients.MethodsData from 105 Polish patients with IEI were collected via the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), brief illness perception questionnaire (B-IPQ), illness cognition questionnaire (ICQ), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and a questionnaire on general health and demographic data. For statistical analyses of data, the normality of distribution of quantitative data was assessed, and internal consistency of tests was investigated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient; moreover, we performed the analysis of correlations and between-group differences, and path analysis to explore causal relationships. Significance was considered at p < 0.050.ResultsThirty-eight (36.2%) patients had anxiety symptoms (HADS-A ≥ 8); 14 (13.3%) patients had severe anxiety (score ≥ 11), and 24 (22.9%) had moderate anxiety (score of 8–10). Patients with poor sleep quality, higher pain frequency, younger age, and no fixed income had higher anxiety scores than others. Emotional and cognitive representations of illness were positively correlated with anxiety levels. Intense anxiety was related to more negative illness perception, higher helplessness, lower illness acceptance, and lower perceived benefits.DiscussionAnxiety is common in patients with IEI. However, results indicate that it is not related to a more severe course of IEI or several comorbidities, whereas, pain frequency and poor sleep quality were identified to be important clinical factors for anxiety. Because anxiety was related to negative illness perception, psychological therapy may apply to this group of patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:02:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2eba17ff16684c649ac719a578432bbb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:02:48Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-2eba17ff16684c649ac719a578432bbb2024-03-07T04:36:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402024-03-011510.3389/fpsyt.2024.12939351293935Anxiety in Polish adult patients with inborn errors of immunity: a cross-sectional studyKinga Grochowalska0Marcin Ziętkiewicz1Katarzyna Nowicka-Sauer2Mariusz Topolski3Ewa Więsik-Szewczyk4Aleksandra Matyja-Bednarczyk5Katarzyna Napiórkowska-Baran6Zbigniew Zdrojewski7Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Systems and Computer Networks, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, PolandOutpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, Medical University of Kraków, Kraków, PolandDepartment of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PolandBackgroundPatients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) experience recurrent infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. Owing to repeated medical procedures, the need for constant treatment and surveillance, and the unpredictable course of the disease, patients with IEI are prone to develop mental health disorders, including anxiety. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and level of anxiety symptoms in adult Polish patients with IEI and explore the determinants of anxiety in this group of patients.MethodsData from 105 Polish patients with IEI were collected via the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), brief illness perception questionnaire (B-IPQ), illness cognition questionnaire (ICQ), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and a questionnaire on general health and demographic data. For statistical analyses of data, the normality of distribution of quantitative data was assessed, and internal consistency of tests was investigated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient; moreover, we performed the analysis of correlations and between-group differences, and path analysis to explore causal relationships. Significance was considered at p < 0.050.ResultsThirty-eight (36.2%) patients had anxiety symptoms (HADS-A ≥ 8); 14 (13.3%) patients had severe anxiety (score ≥ 11), and 24 (22.9%) had moderate anxiety (score of 8–10). Patients with poor sleep quality, higher pain frequency, younger age, and no fixed income had higher anxiety scores than others. Emotional and cognitive representations of illness were positively correlated with anxiety levels. Intense anxiety was related to more negative illness perception, higher helplessness, lower illness acceptance, and lower perceived benefits.DiscussionAnxiety is common in patients with IEI. However, results indicate that it is not related to a more severe course of IEI or several comorbidities, whereas, pain frequency and poor sleep quality were identified to be important clinical factors for anxiety. Because anxiety was related to negative illness perception, psychological therapy may apply to this group of patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1293935/fullinborn errors of immunityanxietyillness perceptiondepressionsleep quality |
| spellingShingle | Kinga Grochowalska Marcin Ziętkiewicz Katarzyna Nowicka-Sauer Mariusz Topolski Ewa Więsik-Szewczyk Aleksandra Matyja-Bednarczyk Katarzyna Napiórkowska-Baran Zbigniew Zdrojewski Anxiety in Polish adult patients with inborn errors of immunity: a cross-sectional study Frontiers in Psychiatry inborn errors of immunity anxiety illness perception depression sleep quality |
| title | Anxiety in Polish adult patients with inborn errors of immunity: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Anxiety in Polish adult patients with inborn errors of immunity: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Anxiety in Polish adult patients with inborn errors of immunity: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anxiety in Polish adult patients with inborn errors of immunity: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Anxiety in Polish adult patients with inborn errors of immunity: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | anxiety in polish adult patients with inborn errors of immunity a cross sectional study |
| topic | inborn errors of immunity anxiety illness perception depression sleep quality |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1293935/full |
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