Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2
<p>SOCOL-AERv1 was developed as an aerosol–chemistry–climate model to study the stratospheric sulfur cycle and its influence on climate and the ozone layer. It includes a sectional aerosol model that tracks the sulfate particle size distribution in 40 size bins, between 0.39 nm and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Geoscientific Model Development |
| Online Access: | https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/12/3863/2019/gmd-12-3863-2019.pdf |
| _version_ | 1817977358977597440 |
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| author | A. Feinberg A. Feinberg A. Feinberg T. Sukhodolov T. Sukhodolov B.-P. Luo E. Rozanov E. Rozanov L. H. E. Winkel L. H. E. Winkel T. Peter A. Stenke |
| author_facet | A. Feinberg A. Feinberg A. Feinberg T. Sukhodolov T. Sukhodolov B.-P. Luo E. Rozanov E. Rozanov L. H. E. Winkel L. H. E. Winkel T. Peter A. Stenke |
| author_sort | A. Feinberg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>SOCOL-AERv1 was developed as an aerosol–chemistry–climate model
to study the stratospheric sulfur cycle and its influence on climate and the ozone layer. It includes a sectional aerosol model that tracks the sulfate particle size distribution in 40 size bins, between 0.39 nm and 3.2 <span class="inline-formula">µm</span>. <span class="cit" id="xref_text.1"><a href="#bib1.bibx82">Sheng et al.</a> (<a href="#bib1.bibx82">2015</a>)</span> showed that SOCOL-AERv1 successfully matched observable quantities related to stratospheric aerosol. In the meantime, SOCOL-AER has undergone significant improvements and more observational datasets have become available. In producing SOCOL-AERv2 we have implemented several updates to the model: adding interactive deposition schemes, improving the sulfate mass and particle number conservation, and expanding the tropospheric chemistry scheme. We compare the two versions of the model with background stratospheric sulfate aerosol observations, stratospheric aerosol evolution after Pinatubo, and ground-based sulfur deposition networks. SOCOL-AERv2 shows similar levels of agreement as SOCOL-AERv1 with satellite-measured extinctions and in situ optical particle counter (OPC) balloon flights. The volcanically quiescent total stratospheric aerosol burden simulated in SOCOL-AERv2 has increased from 109 Gg of sulfur (S) to 160 Gg S, matching the newly available satellite estimate of 165 Gg S. However, SOCOL-AERv2 simulates too high cross-tropopause transport of tropospheric <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> and/or sulfate aerosol, leading to an overestimation of lower stratospheric aerosol. Due to the current lack of upper tropospheric <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> measurements and the neglect of organic aerosol in the model, the lower stratospheric bias of SOCOL-AERv2 was not further improved. Model performance under volcanically perturbed conditions has also undergone some changes, resulting in a slightly shorter volcanic aerosol lifetime after the Pinatubo eruption. With the improved deposition schemes of SOCOL-AERv2, simulated sulfur wet deposition fluxes are within a factor of 2 of measured deposition fluxes at 78 % of the measurement stations globally, an agreement which is on par with previous model intercomparison studies. Because of these improvements, SOCOL-AERv2 will be better suited to studying changes in atmospheric sulfur deposition due to variations in climate and emissions.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:15:21Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1991-959X 1991-9603 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:15:21Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
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| series | Geoscientific Model Development |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ec38cce6195433c85970910084000842022-12-22T02:27:32ZengCopernicus PublicationsGeoscientific Model Development1991-959X1991-96032019-09-01123863388710.5194/gmd-12-3863-2019Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2A. Feinberg0A. Feinberg1A. Feinberg2T. Sukhodolov3T. Sukhodolov4B.-P. Luo5E. Rozanov6E. Rozanov7L. H. E. Winkel8L. H. E. Winkel9T. Peter10A. Stenke11Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, SwitzerlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandPhysikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos and World Radiation Center, Davos, SwitzerlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandPhysikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos and World Radiation Center, Davos, SwitzerlandInstitute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, SwitzerlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland<p>SOCOL-AERv1 was developed as an aerosol–chemistry–climate model to study the stratospheric sulfur cycle and its influence on climate and the ozone layer. It includes a sectional aerosol model that tracks the sulfate particle size distribution in 40 size bins, between 0.39 nm and 3.2 <span class="inline-formula">µm</span>. <span class="cit" id="xref_text.1"><a href="#bib1.bibx82">Sheng et al.</a> (<a href="#bib1.bibx82">2015</a>)</span> showed that SOCOL-AERv1 successfully matched observable quantities related to stratospheric aerosol. In the meantime, SOCOL-AER has undergone significant improvements and more observational datasets have become available. In producing SOCOL-AERv2 we have implemented several updates to the model: adding interactive deposition schemes, improving the sulfate mass and particle number conservation, and expanding the tropospheric chemistry scheme. We compare the two versions of the model with background stratospheric sulfate aerosol observations, stratospheric aerosol evolution after Pinatubo, and ground-based sulfur deposition networks. SOCOL-AERv2 shows similar levels of agreement as SOCOL-AERv1 with satellite-measured extinctions and in situ optical particle counter (OPC) balloon flights. The volcanically quiescent total stratospheric aerosol burden simulated in SOCOL-AERv2 has increased from 109 Gg of sulfur (S) to 160 Gg S, matching the newly available satellite estimate of 165 Gg S. However, SOCOL-AERv2 simulates too high cross-tropopause transport of tropospheric <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> and/or sulfate aerosol, leading to an overestimation of lower stratospheric aerosol. Due to the current lack of upper tropospheric <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> measurements and the neglect of organic aerosol in the model, the lower stratospheric bias of SOCOL-AERv2 was not further improved. Model performance under volcanically perturbed conditions has also undergone some changes, resulting in a slightly shorter volcanic aerosol lifetime after the Pinatubo eruption. With the improved deposition schemes of SOCOL-AERv2, simulated sulfur wet deposition fluxes are within a factor of 2 of measured deposition fluxes at 78 % of the measurement stations globally, an agreement which is on par with previous model intercomparison studies. Because of these improvements, SOCOL-AERv2 will be better suited to studying changes in atmospheric sulfur deposition due to variations in climate and emissions.</p>https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/12/3863/2019/gmd-12-3863-2019.pdf |
| spellingShingle | A. Feinberg A. Feinberg A. Feinberg T. Sukhodolov T. Sukhodolov B.-P. Luo E. Rozanov E. Rozanov L. H. E. Winkel L. H. E. Winkel T. Peter A. Stenke Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 Geoscientific Model Development |
| title | Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 |
| title_full | Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 |
| title_fullStr | Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 |
| title_short | Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 |
| title_sort | improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol chemistry climate model socol aerv2 |
| url | https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/12/3863/2019/gmd-12-3863-2019.pdf |
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