How Are Adenosine and Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> Receptors Involved in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?
Adenosine is extensively distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where it plays a key role as a neuromodulator. It has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of progressive neurogenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, and there is now growing interest in its role in am...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/8/1027 |
| _version_ | 1827685774416412672 |
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| author | Akihisa Mori Brittany Cross Shinichi Uchida Jill Kerrick Walker Robert Ristuccia |
| author_facet | Akihisa Mori Brittany Cross Shinichi Uchida Jill Kerrick Walker Robert Ristuccia |
| author_sort | Akihisa Mori |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adenosine is extensively distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where it plays a key role as a neuromodulator. It has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of progressive neurogenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, and there is now growing interest in its role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The motor neurons affected in ALS are responsive to adenosine receptor function, and there is accumulating evidence for beneficial effects of adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor antagonism. In this article, we focus on recent evidence from ALS clinical pathology and animal models that support dynamism of the adenosinergic system (including changes in adenosine levels and receptor changes) in ALS. We review the possible mechanisms of chronic neurodegeneration via the adenosinergic system, potential biomarkers and the acute symptomatic pharmacology, including respiratory motor neuron control, of A<sub>2A</sub> receptor antagonism to explore the potential of the A<sub>2A</sub> receptor as target for ALS therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:59:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ed3679c2a5f4c3aa6b8764960e01382 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:59:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ed3679c2a5f4c3aa6b8764960e013822023-11-22T06:53:33ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-08-0198102710.3390/biomedicines9081027How Are Adenosine and Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> Receptors Involved in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?Akihisa Mori0Brittany Cross1Shinichi Uchida2Jill Kerrick Walker3Robert Ristuccia4Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, JapanKyowa Kirin, Inc., Bedminster, NJ 07921, USAKyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, JapanKyowa Kirin, Inc., Bedminster, NJ 07921, USAKyowa Kirin, Inc., Bedminster, NJ 07921, USAAdenosine is extensively distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where it plays a key role as a neuromodulator. It has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of progressive neurogenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, and there is now growing interest in its role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The motor neurons affected in ALS are responsive to adenosine receptor function, and there is accumulating evidence for beneficial effects of adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor antagonism. In this article, we focus on recent evidence from ALS clinical pathology and animal models that support dynamism of the adenosinergic system (including changes in adenosine levels and receptor changes) in ALS. We review the possible mechanisms of chronic neurodegeneration via the adenosinergic system, potential biomarkers and the acute symptomatic pharmacology, including respiratory motor neuron control, of A<sub>2A</sub> receptor antagonism to explore the potential of the A<sub>2A</sub> receptor as target for ALS therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/8/1027adenosineadenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptoramyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| spellingShingle | Akihisa Mori Brittany Cross Shinichi Uchida Jill Kerrick Walker Robert Ristuccia How Are Adenosine and Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> Receptors Involved in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? Biomedicines adenosine adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| title | How Are Adenosine and Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> Receptors Involved in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? |
| title_full | How Are Adenosine and Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> Receptors Involved in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? |
| title_fullStr | How Are Adenosine and Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> Receptors Involved in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? |
| title_full_unstemmed | How Are Adenosine and Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> Receptors Involved in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? |
| title_short | How Are Adenosine and Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> Receptors Involved in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? |
| title_sort | how are adenosine and adenosine a sub 2a sub receptors involved in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| topic | adenosine adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/8/1027 |
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