Effects of Paratuberculosis Vaccination at Different Ages in a Dairy Goat Herd: A 2-Year Follow-Up
Vaccination could be considered as an effective method for paratuberculosis control, although controversial, with a need for investigation in some aspects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vaccination, depending on the age of the animals, on their immune response, the reduct...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/22/3135 |
| _version_ | 1827645195563302912 |
|---|---|
| author | Miguel Fernández Marcos Royo Miguel Fuertes Noive Arteche-Villasol M. Carmen Ferreras Julio Benavides Valentín Pérez |
| author_facet | Miguel Fernández Marcos Royo Miguel Fuertes Noive Arteche-Villasol M. Carmen Ferreras Julio Benavides Valentín Pérez |
| author_sort | Miguel Fernández |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vaccination could be considered as an effective method for paratuberculosis control, although controversial, with a need for investigation in some aspects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vaccination, depending on the age of the animals, on their immune response, the reduction of paratuberculosis cases, mortality and culled animals in a commercial dairy herd. Goats from three different ages were immunized with the inactivated Gudair<sup>®</sup> vaccine. Peripheral antibody and IFN-γ output were evaluated for 21 months post-vaccination (mpv) and intradermal skin tests (IDSTs) for tuberculosis, with avian- and bovine-purified protein derivatives (PPD), were carried out at 6 and at 18 mpv to evaluate the humoral and cellular immune peripheral responses, respectively. The number of dead or culled animals, regardless of the reason, was also monitored and the causes of death determined by pathological examination. A significant increase in the production of IFN-γ was observed in all the vaccinated groups when the blood samples were stimulated with avian PPD, from 3 mpv to 18 mpv, and with bovine PPD, between 3 and 21 mpv. Moreover, serum antibody levels increased between 3 and 21 mpv in all vaccinated groups. The highest levels were found in animals vaccinated at 5 months, and the lowest in adult individuals. No positive reactants to tuberculosis were found by intradermal skin test. No animal losses associated with clinical paratuberculosis were detected in any of the groups. The number of total culled animals was significantly lower in the vaccinated than in the unvaccinated groups, especially on 1.5-month-old vaccinated kids. These results suggest that vaccination of paratuberculosis, especially in young animals, could induce heterologous protection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:31:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ed63612443e4eb1ae1d450777c3f302 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:31:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ed63612443e4eb1ae1d450777c3f3022023-11-24T07:28:49ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-11-011222313510.3390/ani12223135Effects of Paratuberculosis Vaccination at Different Ages in a Dairy Goat Herd: A 2-Year Follow-UpMiguel Fernández0Marcos Royo1Miguel Fuertes2Noive Arteche-Villasol3M. Carmen Ferreras4Julio Benavides5Valentín Pérez6Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), 24346 Grulleros, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, SpainVaccination could be considered as an effective method for paratuberculosis control, although controversial, with a need for investigation in some aspects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vaccination, depending on the age of the animals, on their immune response, the reduction of paratuberculosis cases, mortality and culled animals in a commercial dairy herd. Goats from three different ages were immunized with the inactivated Gudair<sup>®</sup> vaccine. Peripheral antibody and IFN-γ output were evaluated for 21 months post-vaccination (mpv) and intradermal skin tests (IDSTs) for tuberculosis, with avian- and bovine-purified protein derivatives (PPD), were carried out at 6 and at 18 mpv to evaluate the humoral and cellular immune peripheral responses, respectively. The number of dead or culled animals, regardless of the reason, was also monitored and the causes of death determined by pathological examination. A significant increase in the production of IFN-γ was observed in all the vaccinated groups when the blood samples were stimulated with avian PPD, from 3 mpv to 18 mpv, and with bovine PPD, between 3 and 21 mpv. Moreover, serum antibody levels increased between 3 and 21 mpv in all vaccinated groups. The highest levels were found in animals vaccinated at 5 months, and the lowest in adult individuals. No positive reactants to tuberculosis were found by intradermal skin test. No animal losses associated with clinical paratuberculosis were detected in any of the groups. The number of total culled animals was significantly lower in the vaccinated than in the unvaccinated groups, especially on 1.5-month-old vaccinated kids. These results suggest that vaccination of paratuberculosis, especially in young animals, could induce heterologous protection.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/22/3135goatsruminantsdairyparatuberculosisvaccinationpathology |
| spellingShingle | Miguel Fernández Marcos Royo Miguel Fuertes Noive Arteche-Villasol M. Carmen Ferreras Julio Benavides Valentín Pérez Effects of Paratuberculosis Vaccination at Different Ages in a Dairy Goat Herd: A 2-Year Follow-Up Animals goats ruminants dairy paratuberculosis vaccination pathology |
| title | Effects of Paratuberculosis Vaccination at Different Ages in a Dairy Goat Herd: A 2-Year Follow-Up |
| title_full | Effects of Paratuberculosis Vaccination at Different Ages in a Dairy Goat Herd: A 2-Year Follow-Up |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Paratuberculosis Vaccination at Different Ages in a Dairy Goat Herd: A 2-Year Follow-Up |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Paratuberculosis Vaccination at Different Ages in a Dairy Goat Herd: A 2-Year Follow-Up |
| title_short | Effects of Paratuberculosis Vaccination at Different Ages in a Dairy Goat Herd: A 2-Year Follow-Up |
| title_sort | effects of paratuberculosis vaccination at different ages in a dairy goat herd a 2 year follow up |
| topic | goats ruminants dairy paratuberculosis vaccination pathology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/22/3135 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT miguelfernandez effectsofparatuberculosisvaccinationatdifferentagesinadairygoatherda2yearfollowup AT marcosroyo effectsofparatuberculosisvaccinationatdifferentagesinadairygoatherda2yearfollowup AT miguelfuertes effectsofparatuberculosisvaccinationatdifferentagesinadairygoatherda2yearfollowup AT noiveartechevillasol effectsofparatuberculosisvaccinationatdifferentagesinadairygoatherda2yearfollowup AT mcarmenferreras effectsofparatuberculosisvaccinationatdifferentagesinadairygoatherda2yearfollowup AT juliobenavides effectsofparatuberculosisvaccinationatdifferentagesinadairygoatherda2yearfollowup AT valentinperez effectsofparatuberculosisvaccinationatdifferentagesinadairygoatherda2yearfollowup |