Field survey and analysis of water flux and salinity gradients considering the effects of sea ice coverage and rubber dam: a case study of the Liao River Estuary, China
Predicting net river fluxes is important to promote good water quality, maritime transport, and water exchange in estuaries. However, few studies have observed and evaluated net water fluxes to estuaries under complex conditions. This study used advanced survey techniques to obtain high-frequency mo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1154150/full |
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| author | Zhanming Hu Kaiyuan Guo Yongjun Yang Mingliang Zhang Mingliang Zhang |
| author_facet | Zhanming Hu Kaiyuan Guo Yongjun Yang Mingliang Zhang Mingliang Zhang |
| author_sort | Zhanming Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Predicting net river fluxes is important to promote good water quality, maritime transport, and water exchange in estuaries. However, few studies have observed and evaluated net water fluxes to estuaries under complex conditions. This study used advanced survey techniques to obtain high-frequency monitoring data of cross-sectional current velocity, water level, and salinity in the Liao River Estuary (LRE) from 2017 to 2020. The net water flux into the sea was computed based on field data and the impacts of the rubber dam and sea ice cover on water flux and salinity processes were analyzed in the study region. In the Liao River Station (LRS), the fluctuations of water level and discharge were not obvious in winter due to the sea ice cover. There were significant seasonal and inter-annual changes in water fluxes due to variability in river discharge and tidal oscillations. The results also showed that the net water flux into the sea from the LRS was positive in wet season, and greater during ebb tides than flood tides. The net water fluxes in the normal and dry seasons were mostly negative due to the influence of tides, indicating that the annual runoff from the Liao River fluctuated greatly throughout the year. The water flux in the LRS was more suitable for representing water flux into the sea than the Liujianfang Hydrometric Station (LHS) in the LRE. The impacts of the rubber dam and Panshan Sluice on water fluxes to the sea were both significant. Lower salinity in the study area coincided mostly with height water fluxes to the sea and periods when the rubber dam was raised. This study results provide us new insights to measure the water flux into sea under the condition of ice cover in the tidal reach of estuary and the method can be used for water flux observation for other estuaries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:18:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ee13766c27e42abb916e2d9e087df3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:18:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ee13766c27e42abb916e2d9e087df3e2023-05-05T05:41:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452023-05-011010.3389/fmars.2023.11541501154150Field survey and analysis of water flux and salinity gradients considering the effects of sea ice coverage and rubber dam: a case study of the Liao River Estuary, ChinaZhanming Hu0Kaiyuan Guo1Yongjun Yang2Mingliang Zhang3Mingliang Zhang4Marine Dynamics Department, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, ChinaCollege of Ocean Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, ChinaMarine Dynamics Department, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, ChinaCollege of Ocean Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, ChinaTechnology Innovation Center for Coastal Ecological Environment and Disaster Protection, Liaoning, Dalian, ChinaPredicting net river fluxes is important to promote good water quality, maritime transport, and water exchange in estuaries. However, few studies have observed and evaluated net water fluxes to estuaries under complex conditions. This study used advanced survey techniques to obtain high-frequency monitoring data of cross-sectional current velocity, water level, and salinity in the Liao River Estuary (LRE) from 2017 to 2020. The net water flux into the sea was computed based on field data and the impacts of the rubber dam and sea ice cover on water flux and salinity processes were analyzed in the study region. In the Liao River Station (LRS), the fluctuations of water level and discharge were not obvious in winter due to the sea ice cover. There were significant seasonal and inter-annual changes in water fluxes due to variability in river discharge and tidal oscillations. The results also showed that the net water flux into the sea from the LRS was positive in wet season, and greater during ebb tides than flood tides. The net water fluxes in the normal and dry seasons were mostly negative due to the influence of tides, indicating that the annual runoff from the Liao River fluctuated greatly throughout the year. The water flux in the LRS was more suitable for representing water flux into the sea than the Liujianfang Hydrometric Station (LHS) in the LRE. The impacts of the rubber dam and Panshan Sluice on water fluxes to the sea were both significant. Lower salinity in the study area coincided mostly with height water fluxes to the sea and periods when the rubber dam was raised. This study results provide us new insights to measure the water flux into sea under the condition of ice cover in the tidal reach of estuary and the method can be used for water flux observation for other estuaries.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1154150/fulldischargewater levelnet water fluxsalinity variationrubber damsea ice |
| spellingShingle | Zhanming Hu Kaiyuan Guo Yongjun Yang Mingliang Zhang Mingliang Zhang Field survey and analysis of water flux and salinity gradients considering the effects of sea ice coverage and rubber dam: a case study of the Liao River Estuary, China Frontiers in Marine Science discharge water level net water flux salinity variation rubber dam sea ice |
| title | Field survey and analysis of water flux and salinity gradients considering the effects of sea ice coverage and rubber dam: a case study of the Liao River Estuary, China |
| title_full | Field survey and analysis of water flux and salinity gradients considering the effects of sea ice coverage and rubber dam: a case study of the Liao River Estuary, China |
| title_fullStr | Field survey and analysis of water flux and salinity gradients considering the effects of sea ice coverage and rubber dam: a case study of the Liao River Estuary, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Field survey and analysis of water flux and salinity gradients considering the effects of sea ice coverage and rubber dam: a case study of the Liao River Estuary, China |
| title_short | Field survey and analysis of water flux and salinity gradients considering the effects of sea ice coverage and rubber dam: a case study of the Liao River Estuary, China |
| title_sort | field survey and analysis of water flux and salinity gradients considering the effects of sea ice coverage and rubber dam a case study of the liao river estuary china |
| topic | discharge water level net water flux salinity variation rubber dam sea ice |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1154150/full |
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