Regulation of Polyomavirus Transcription by Viral and Cellular Factors
Polyomavirus infection is widespread in the human population. This family of viruses normally maintains latent infection within the host cell but can cause a range of human pathologies, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Among several known pathogenic human polyomaviruses, JC polyomavirus...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/10/1072 |
| _version_ | 1827705470058496000 |
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| author | June F. Yang Jianxin You |
| author_facet | June F. Yang Jianxin You |
| author_sort | June F. Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polyomavirus infection is widespread in the human population. This family of viruses normally maintains latent infection within the host cell but can cause a range of human pathologies, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Among several known pathogenic human polyomaviruses, JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) has the potential to cause the demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML); BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) can cause nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients, and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is associated with a highly aggressive form of skin cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). While the mechanisms by which these viruses give rise to the relevant diseases are not well understood, it is clear that the control of gene expression in each polyomavirus plays an important role in determining the infectious tropism of the virus as well as their potential to promote disease progression. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms governing the transcriptional regulation of these pathogenic human polyomaviruses in addition to the best-studied simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40). We highlight the roles of viral <i>cis</i>-acting DNA elements, encoded proteins and miRNAs that control the viral gene expression. We will also underline the cellular transcription factors and epigenetic modifications that regulate the gene expression of these viruses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:04:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ee56cec87774620a8b030bf05014f12 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:04:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ee56cec87774620a8b030bf05014f122023-11-20T15:01:27ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-09-011210107210.3390/v12101072Regulation of Polyomavirus Transcription by Viral and Cellular FactorsJune F. Yang0Jianxin You1Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USADepartment of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAPolyomavirus infection is widespread in the human population. This family of viruses normally maintains latent infection within the host cell but can cause a range of human pathologies, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Among several known pathogenic human polyomaviruses, JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) has the potential to cause the demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML); BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) can cause nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients, and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is associated with a highly aggressive form of skin cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). While the mechanisms by which these viruses give rise to the relevant diseases are not well understood, it is clear that the control of gene expression in each polyomavirus plays an important role in determining the infectious tropism of the virus as well as their potential to promote disease progression. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms governing the transcriptional regulation of these pathogenic human polyomaviruses in addition to the best-studied simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40). We highlight the roles of viral <i>cis</i>-acting DNA elements, encoded proteins and miRNAs that control the viral gene expression. We will also underline the cellular transcription factors and epigenetic modifications that regulate the gene expression of these viruses.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/10/1072polyomavirustranscriptiontropism<i>cis</i>-acting regulatory elementscell type-specific transcription factorsepigenetic modifications |
| spellingShingle | June F. Yang Jianxin You Regulation of Polyomavirus Transcription by Viral and Cellular Factors Viruses polyomavirus transcription tropism <i>cis</i>-acting regulatory elements cell type-specific transcription factors epigenetic modifications |
| title | Regulation of Polyomavirus Transcription by Viral and Cellular Factors |
| title_full | Regulation of Polyomavirus Transcription by Viral and Cellular Factors |
| title_fullStr | Regulation of Polyomavirus Transcription by Viral and Cellular Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of Polyomavirus Transcription by Viral and Cellular Factors |
| title_short | Regulation of Polyomavirus Transcription by Viral and Cellular Factors |
| title_sort | regulation of polyomavirus transcription by viral and cellular factors |
| topic | polyomavirus transcription tropism <i>cis</i>-acting regulatory elements cell type-specific transcription factors epigenetic modifications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/10/1072 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT junefyang regulationofpolyomavirustranscriptionbyviralandcellularfactors AT jianxinyou regulationofpolyomavirustranscriptionbyviralandcellularfactors |