Reproductive Behavior and Development of the Global Insect Pest, Cotton Seed Bug <i>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis</i>
Understanding the fundamental life cycle and reproductive behavior of a pest insect is essential for developing efficient control strategies; however, much of this knowledge remains elusive for a multitude of insects, including the cotton seed bug, <i>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis</i>. Here,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/1/65 |
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| author | Ahmed M. Saveer Jing Hu Jaime Strickland Robert Krueger Shannon Clafford Aijun Zhang |
| author_facet | Ahmed M. Saveer Jing Hu Jaime Strickland Robert Krueger Shannon Clafford Aijun Zhang |
| author_sort | Ahmed M. Saveer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding the fundamental life cycle and reproductive behavior of a pest insect is essential for developing efficient control strategies; however, much of this knowledge remains elusive for a multitude of insects, including the cotton seed bug, <i>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis</i>. Here, we report the results of our comprehensive study on the cotton seed bug’s life cycle, including mating behavior, adult lifespan, and egg-to-adulthood development. Our findings showed that adult males and females began mating as early as three days after emerging (75%), and the frequency of mating increased to 100% by the fifth day. Mated females commenced oviposition on cotton seeds as early as two days after mating, with a cumulative mean number of 151 fertile eggs oviposited during the first oviposition cycle. Furthermore, around 10% of eggs from both mated and unmated females remained unfertilized. The first instar nymphs began emerging approximately seven days following oviposition. To track their development, we monitored the newly hatched nymphs daily until they reached adulthood. There were five nymphal stages, which cumulatively took roughly 28 to 30 days. Notably, mating positively influenced the survivorship and lifespan of adult <i>O. hyalinipennis</i>. Mated males and females exhibited median lifespans of 28 and 25 days, respectively. In contrast, unmated males and females only lived for a median lifespan of 9.5 days, about one-third that of the mated <i>O. hyalinipennis</i>. Our study provides key insights into the <i>O. hyalinipennis</i> life history for new IPM strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:46:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2eed1a3c62ef4f109a6e98762e74d037 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:46:02Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-2eed1a3c62ef4f109a6e98762e74d0372024-01-26T17:04:18ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502024-01-011516510.3390/insects15010065Reproductive Behavior and Development of the Global Insect Pest, Cotton Seed Bug <i>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis</i>Ahmed M. Saveer0Jing Hu1Jaime Strickland2Robert Krueger3Shannon Clafford4Aijun Zhang5Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USAInvasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USAInvasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USANational Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus & Date, USDA-ARS, Riverside, CA 92507, USAOrange County Agricultural Commissioner’s Office, Orange, CA 92865, USAInvasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USAUnderstanding the fundamental life cycle and reproductive behavior of a pest insect is essential for developing efficient control strategies; however, much of this knowledge remains elusive for a multitude of insects, including the cotton seed bug, <i>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis</i>. Here, we report the results of our comprehensive study on the cotton seed bug’s life cycle, including mating behavior, adult lifespan, and egg-to-adulthood development. Our findings showed that adult males and females began mating as early as three days after emerging (75%), and the frequency of mating increased to 100% by the fifth day. Mated females commenced oviposition on cotton seeds as early as two days after mating, with a cumulative mean number of 151 fertile eggs oviposited during the first oviposition cycle. Furthermore, around 10% of eggs from both mated and unmated females remained unfertilized. The first instar nymphs began emerging approximately seven days following oviposition. To track their development, we monitored the newly hatched nymphs daily until they reached adulthood. There were five nymphal stages, which cumulatively took roughly 28 to 30 days. Notably, mating positively influenced the survivorship and lifespan of adult <i>O. hyalinipennis</i>. Mated males and females exhibited median lifespans of 28 and 25 days, respectively. In contrast, unmated males and females only lived for a median lifespan of 9.5 days, about one-third that of the mated <i>O. hyalinipennis</i>. Our study provides key insights into the <i>O. hyalinipennis</i> life history for new IPM strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/1/65<i>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis</i>invasive specieslongevity of adultsegg developmentmetamorphosismating behavior |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed M. Saveer Jing Hu Jaime Strickland Robert Krueger Shannon Clafford Aijun Zhang Reproductive Behavior and Development of the Global Insect Pest, Cotton Seed Bug <i>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis</i> Insects <i>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis</i> invasive species longevity of adults egg development metamorphosis mating behavior |
| title | Reproductive Behavior and Development of the Global Insect Pest, Cotton Seed Bug <i>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis</i> |
| title_full | Reproductive Behavior and Development of the Global Insect Pest, Cotton Seed Bug <i>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Reproductive Behavior and Development of the Global Insect Pest, Cotton Seed Bug <i>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reproductive Behavior and Development of the Global Insect Pest, Cotton Seed Bug <i>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis</i> |
| title_short | Reproductive Behavior and Development of the Global Insect Pest, Cotton Seed Bug <i>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis</i> |
| title_sort | reproductive behavior and development of the global insect pest cotton seed bug i oxycarenus hyalinipennis i |
| topic | <i>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis</i> invasive species longevity of adults egg development metamorphosis mating behavior |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/1/65 |
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