The Degradation of Automotive Radar Sensor Signals Caused by Vehicle Vibrations and Other Nonlinear Movements
As the demands on modern radar systems with respect to accuracy, reliability, and availability increase, a detailed assessment of the influence of nonlinear movements has become necessary. In particular, from the point of view of radar, different types of movements, such as any kind of acceleration,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6195 |
| _version_ | 1797549301352628224 |
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| author | Florian Hau Florian Baumgärtner Martin Vossiek |
| author_facet | Florian Hau Florian Baumgärtner Martin Vossiek |
| author_sort | Florian Hau |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As the demands on modern radar systems with respect to accuracy, reliability, and availability increase, a detailed assessment of the influence of nonlinear movements has become necessary. In particular, from the point of view of radar, different types of movements, such as any kind of acceleration, braking situation, or vehicle vibration, are essential parts of any traffic scenario. These unavoidable motions, in which the relative velocity changes within one measurement cycle, are called nonlinear movements. These nonlinearities contribute to intermediate frequencies, which are comparable to the extensively described nonlinearities of a frequency ramp. This additional contribution to the intermediate signal has a direct effect on the signal-to-noise ratio and thus on the accuracy and probability of target detection. This paper presents a study of various types of nonlinear motion and a detailed definition of the resulting parameters based on a variety of vehicle-based measurements. An advanced signal model of frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is introduced and verified in addition to a detailed mathematical description of spectral signal behaviour in sinusoidal motions and linear acceleration. The theoretical and experimental results in idealised point targets are transferred to real complex road users. Furthermore, by applying established automotive signal processing steps in the form of an ordered statistical constant false alarm rate (OS CFAR), the consequences of determining the noise level are also shown. In combination with the already introduced signal behaviour, these results enabled general description of the signal-to-noise ratio of nonlinear movements in complex traffic scenarios. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:11:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ef647c323da47d0b5b1fdd5d198911e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:11:43Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ef647c323da47d0b5b1fdd5d198911e2023-11-20T19:13:35ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-10-012021619510.3390/s20216195The Degradation of Automotive Radar Sensor Signals Caused by Vehicle Vibrations and Other Nonlinear MovementsFlorian Hau0Florian Baumgärtner1Martin Vossiek2Mercedes-Benz Cars Development, 71063 Sindelfingen, GermanyMercedes-Benz Cars Development, 71063 Sindelfingen, GermanyInstitute of Microwaves and Photonics (LHFT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, GermanyAs the demands on modern radar systems with respect to accuracy, reliability, and availability increase, a detailed assessment of the influence of nonlinear movements has become necessary. In particular, from the point of view of radar, different types of movements, such as any kind of acceleration, braking situation, or vehicle vibration, are essential parts of any traffic scenario. These unavoidable motions, in which the relative velocity changes within one measurement cycle, are called nonlinear movements. These nonlinearities contribute to intermediate frequencies, which are comparable to the extensively described nonlinearities of a frequency ramp. This additional contribution to the intermediate signal has a direct effect on the signal-to-noise ratio and thus on the accuracy and probability of target detection. This paper presents a study of various types of nonlinear motion and a detailed definition of the resulting parameters based on a variety of vehicle-based measurements. An advanced signal model of frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is introduced and verified in addition to a detailed mathematical description of spectral signal behaviour in sinusoidal motions and linear acceleration. The theoretical and experimental results in idealised point targets are transferred to real complex road users. Furthermore, by applying established automotive signal processing steps in the form of an ordered statistical constant false alarm rate (OS CFAR), the consequences of determining the noise level are also shown. In combination with the already introduced signal behaviour, these results enabled general description of the signal-to-noise ratio of nonlinear movements in complex traffic scenarios.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6195automotive radarfrequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radarnonlinear movementsphase noisedegradationsignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) |
| spellingShingle | Florian Hau Florian Baumgärtner Martin Vossiek The Degradation of Automotive Radar Sensor Signals Caused by Vehicle Vibrations and Other Nonlinear Movements Sensors automotive radar frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar nonlinear movements phase noise degradation signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) |
| title | The Degradation of Automotive Radar Sensor Signals Caused by Vehicle Vibrations and Other Nonlinear Movements |
| title_full | The Degradation of Automotive Radar Sensor Signals Caused by Vehicle Vibrations and Other Nonlinear Movements |
| title_fullStr | The Degradation of Automotive Radar Sensor Signals Caused by Vehicle Vibrations and Other Nonlinear Movements |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Degradation of Automotive Radar Sensor Signals Caused by Vehicle Vibrations and Other Nonlinear Movements |
| title_short | The Degradation of Automotive Radar Sensor Signals Caused by Vehicle Vibrations and Other Nonlinear Movements |
| title_sort | degradation of automotive radar sensor signals caused by vehicle vibrations and other nonlinear movements |
| topic | automotive radar frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar nonlinear movements phase noise degradation signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6195 |
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