Do Pharmacological Treatments Act in Collaboration with Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment? A Review of Preclinical Studies
There is no choice other than rehabilitation as a practical medical treatment to restore impairments or improve activities after acute treatment in people with spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the effect is unremarkable. Therefore, researchers have been seeking effective pharmacological treatments...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Cells |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/5/412 |
| _version_ | 1797264703862341632 |
|---|---|
| author | Syoichi Tashiro Shinsuke Shibata Narihito Nagoshi Liang Zhang Shin Yamada Tetsuya Tsuji Masaya Nakamura Hideyuki Okano |
| author_facet | Syoichi Tashiro Shinsuke Shibata Narihito Nagoshi Liang Zhang Shin Yamada Tetsuya Tsuji Masaya Nakamura Hideyuki Okano |
| author_sort | Syoichi Tashiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is no choice other than rehabilitation as a practical medical treatment to restore impairments or improve activities after acute treatment in people with spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the effect is unremarkable. Therefore, researchers have been seeking effective pharmacological treatments. These will, hopefully, exert a greater effect when combined with rehabilitation. However, no review has specifically summarized the combinatorial effects of rehabilitation with various medical agents. In the current review, which included 43 articles, we summarized the combinatorial effects according to the properties of the medical agents, namely neuromodulation, neurotrophic factors, counteraction to inhibitory factors, and others. The recovery processes promoted by rehabilitation include the regeneration of tracts, neuroprotection, scar tissue reorganization, plasticity of spinal circuits, microenvironmental change in the spinal cord, and enforcement of the musculoskeletal system, which are additive, complementary, or even synergistic with medication in many cases. However, there are some cases that lack interaction or even demonstrate competition between medication and rehabilitation. A large fraction of the combinatorial mechanisms remains to be elucidated, and very few studies have investigated complex combinations of these agents or targeted chronically injured spinal cords. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:33:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2efa34599e2843f0ad78054900ca2003 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:33:07Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-2efa34599e2843f0ad78054900ca20032024-03-12T16:41:37ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092024-02-0113541210.3390/cells13050412Do Pharmacological Treatments Act in Collaboration with Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment? A Review of Preclinical StudiesSyoichi Tashiro0Shinsuke Shibata1Narihito Nagoshi2Liang Zhang3Shin Yamada4Tetsuya Tsuji5Masaya Nakamura6Hideyuki Okano7Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanDivision of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, JapanDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, JapanDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanThere is no choice other than rehabilitation as a practical medical treatment to restore impairments or improve activities after acute treatment in people with spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the effect is unremarkable. Therefore, researchers have been seeking effective pharmacological treatments. These will, hopefully, exert a greater effect when combined with rehabilitation. However, no review has specifically summarized the combinatorial effects of rehabilitation with various medical agents. In the current review, which included 43 articles, we summarized the combinatorial effects according to the properties of the medical agents, namely neuromodulation, neurotrophic factors, counteraction to inhibitory factors, and others. The recovery processes promoted by rehabilitation include the regeneration of tracts, neuroprotection, scar tissue reorganization, plasticity of spinal circuits, microenvironmental change in the spinal cord, and enforcement of the musculoskeletal system, which are additive, complementary, or even synergistic with medication in many cases. However, there are some cases that lack interaction or even demonstrate competition between medication and rehabilitation. A large fraction of the combinatorial mechanisms remains to be elucidated, and very few studies have investigated complex combinations of these agents or targeted chronically injured spinal cords.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/5/412plasticityneuromodulationneuroprotectionregenerationneurotrophic factorscar |
| spellingShingle | Syoichi Tashiro Shinsuke Shibata Narihito Nagoshi Liang Zhang Shin Yamada Tetsuya Tsuji Masaya Nakamura Hideyuki Okano Do Pharmacological Treatments Act in Collaboration with Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment? A Review of Preclinical Studies Cells plasticity neuromodulation neuroprotection regeneration neurotrophic factor scar |
| title | Do Pharmacological Treatments Act in Collaboration with Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment? A Review of Preclinical Studies |
| title_full | Do Pharmacological Treatments Act in Collaboration with Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment? A Review of Preclinical Studies |
| title_fullStr | Do Pharmacological Treatments Act in Collaboration with Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment? A Review of Preclinical Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Do Pharmacological Treatments Act in Collaboration with Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment? A Review of Preclinical Studies |
| title_short | Do Pharmacological Treatments Act in Collaboration with Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment? A Review of Preclinical Studies |
| title_sort | do pharmacological treatments act in collaboration with rehabilitation in spinal cord injury treatment a review of preclinical studies |
| topic | plasticity neuromodulation neuroprotection regeneration neurotrophic factor scar |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/5/412 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT syoichitashiro dopharmacologicaltreatmentsactincollaborationwithrehabilitationinspinalcordinjurytreatmentareviewofpreclinicalstudies AT shinsukeshibata dopharmacologicaltreatmentsactincollaborationwithrehabilitationinspinalcordinjurytreatmentareviewofpreclinicalstudies AT narihitonagoshi dopharmacologicaltreatmentsactincollaborationwithrehabilitationinspinalcordinjurytreatmentareviewofpreclinicalstudies AT liangzhang dopharmacologicaltreatmentsactincollaborationwithrehabilitationinspinalcordinjurytreatmentareviewofpreclinicalstudies AT shinyamada dopharmacologicaltreatmentsactincollaborationwithrehabilitationinspinalcordinjurytreatmentareviewofpreclinicalstudies AT tetsuyatsuji dopharmacologicaltreatmentsactincollaborationwithrehabilitationinspinalcordinjurytreatmentareviewofpreclinicalstudies AT masayanakamura dopharmacologicaltreatmentsactincollaborationwithrehabilitationinspinalcordinjurytreatmentareviewofpreclinicalstudies AT hideyukiokano dopharmacologicaltreatmentsactincollaborationwithrehabilitationinspinalcordinjurytreatmentareviewofpreclinicalstudies |