High-energy ball milling technique for ZnO nanoparticles as antibacterial material
Numan Salah1, Sami S Habib1, Zishan H Khan1, Adnan Memic1, Ameer Azam1, Esam Alarfaj2, Nabeel Zahed3, Salim Al-Hamedi31Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah; 2Department of Physics, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah Al Mukarramah; 3Department of Biological Science, King Abdulaziz...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dove Medical Press
2011-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
| Online Access: | http://www.dovepress.com/high-energy-ball-milling-technique-for-zno-nanoparticles-as-antibacter-a7285 |
| _version_ | 1818421357342359552 |
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| author | Salah N Habib SS Khan ZH Memic A Azam A Alarfaj E Zahed N Al-Hamedi S |
| author_facet | Salah N Habib SS Khan ZH Memic A Azam A Alarfaj E Zahed N Al-Hamedi S |
| author_sort | Salah N |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Numan Salah1, Sami S Habib1, Zishan H Khan1, Adnan Memic1, Ameer Azam1, Esam Alarfaj2, Nabeel Zahed3, Salim Al-Hamedi31Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah; 2Department of Physics, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah Al Mukarramah; 3Department of Biological Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaAbstract: Nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO) are increasingly recognized for their utility in biological applications. In this study, the high-energy ball milling (HEBM) technique was used to produce nanoparticles of ZnO from its microcrystalline powder. Four samples were ball milled for 2, 10, 20, and 50 hours, respectively. The structural and optical modifications induced in the 'as synthesized' nanomaterials were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and photoluminescence emission spectra (PL). SEM and TEM results show a gradual decrease in particle size from around 600 to ~30 nm, with increased milling time. The initial microstructures had random shapes, while the final shape became quite spherical. XRD analysis showed ZnO in a hexagonal structure, broadening in the diffracted peaks and going from larger to smaller particles along with a relaxation in the lattice constant c. The value of c was found to increase from 5.204 to 5.217 Å with a decrease in particle size (600 to ~30 nm). PL result showed a new band at around 365 nm, whose intensity is found to increase as the particles size decreases. These remarkable structural and optical modifications induced in ZnO nanoparticles might prove useful for various applications. The increase in c value is an important factor for increasing the antibacterial effects of ZnO, suggesting that the HEBM technique is quite suitable for producing these nanoparticles for this purpose.Keywords: ZnO nanoparticles, antibacterial, HEBM, SEM, XRD, photoluminescence |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T13:09:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f069b6906904a7a937c2bca31dd0312 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1176-9114 1178-2013 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T13:09:04Z |
| publishDate | 2011-04-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f069b6906904a7a937c2bca31dd03122022-12-21T23:00:14ZengDove Medical PressInternational Journal of Nanomedicine1176-91141178-20132011-04-012011default863869High-energy ball milling technique for ZnO nanoparticles as antibacterial materialSalah NHabib SSKhan ZHMemic AAzam AAlarfaj EZahed NAl-Hamedi SNuman Salah1, Sami S Habib1, Zishan H Khan1, Adnan Memic1, Ameer Azam1, Esam Alarfaj2, Nabeel Zahed3, Salim Al-Hamedi31Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah; 2Department of Physics, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah Al Mukarramah; 3Department of Biological Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaAbstract: Nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO) are increasingly recognized for their utility in biological applications. In this study, the high-energy ball milling (HEBM) technique was used to produce nanoparticles of ZnO from its microcrystalline powder. Four samples were ball milled for 2, 10, 20, and 50 hours, respectively. The structural and optical modifications induced in the 'as synthesized' nanomaterials were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and photoluminescence emission spectra (PL). SEM and TEM results show a gradual decrease in particle size from around 600 to ~30 nm, with increased milling time. The initial microstructures had random shapes, while the final shape became quite spherical. XRD analysis showed ZnO in a hexagonal structure, broadening in the diffracted peaks and going from larger to smaller particles along with a relaxation in the lattice constant c. The value of c was found to increase from 5.204 to 5.217 Å with a decrease in particle size (600 to ~30 nm). PL result showed a new band at around 365 nm, whose intensity is found to increase as the particles size decreases. These remarkable structural and optical modifications induced in ZnO nanoparticles might prove useful for various applications. The increase in c value is an important factor for increasing the antibacterial effects of ZnO, suggesting that the HEBM technique is quite suitable for producing these nanoparticles for this purpose.Keywords: ZnO nanoparticles, antibacterial, HEBM, SEM, XRD, photoluminescencehttp://www.dovepress.com/high-energy-ball-milling-technique-for-zno-nanoparticles-as-antibacter-a7285 |
| spellingShingle | Salah N Habib SS Khan ZH Memic A Azam A Alarfaj E Zahed N Al-Hamedi S High-energy ball milling technique for ZnO nanoparticles as antibacterial material International Journal of Nanomedicine |
| title | High-energy ball milling technique for ZnO nanoparticles as antibacterial material |
| title_full | High-energy ball milling technique for ZnO nanoparticles as antibacterial material |
| title_fullStr | High-energy ball milling technique for ZnO nanoparticles as antibacterial material |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-energy ball milling technique for ZnO nanoparticles as antibacterial material |
| title_short | High-energy ball milling technique for ZnO nanoparticles as antibacterial material |
| title_sort | high energy ball milling technique for zno nanoparticles as antibacterial material |
| url | http://www.dovepress.com/high-energy-ball-milling-technique-for-zno-nanoparticles-as-antibacter-a7285 |
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