Pepsin and Trypsin Treatment Combined with Carvacrol: An Efficient Strategy to Fight <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Biofilms
Biofilms consist of microbial communities enclosed in a self-produced extracellular matrix which is mainly responsible of biofilm virulence. Targeting this matrix could be an effective strategy to control biofilms. In this work, we examined the efficacy of two proteolytic enzymes, pepsin and trypsin...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/1/143 |
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| author | Samah Mechmechani Adem Gharsallaoui Layal Karam Khaled EL Omari Alexandre Fadel Monzer Hamze Nour-Eddine Chihib |
| author_facet | Samah Mechmechani Adem Gharsallaoui Layal Karam Khaled EL Omari Alexandre Fadel Monzer Hamze Nour-Eddine Chihib |
| author_sort | Samah Mechmechani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biofilms consist of microbial communities enclosed in a self-produced extracellular matrix which is mainly responsible of biofilm virulence. Targeting this matrix could be an effective strategy to control biofilms. In this work, we examined the efficacy of two proteolytic enzymes, pepsin and trypsin, to degrade <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>E. faecalis</i> biofilms and their synergistic effect when combined with carvacrol. The minimum dispersive concentrations (MDCs) and the contact times of enzymes, as well as the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and contact times of carvacrol, were determined against biofilms grown on polystyrene surfaces. For biofilms grown on stainless steel surfaces, the combined pepsin or trypsin with carvacrol treatment showed more significant reduction of both biofilms compared with carvacrol treatment alone. This reduction was more substantial after sequential treatment of both enzymes, followed by carvacrol with the greatest reduction of 4.7 log CFU mL<sup>−1</sup> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilm and 3.3 log CFU mL<sup>−1</sup> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for <i>E. faecalis</i> biofilm. Such improved efficiency was also obvious in the epifluorescence microscopy analysis. These findings demonstrate that the combined effect of the protease-dispersing activity and the carvacrol antimicrobial activity could be a prospective approach for controlling <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>E. faecalis</i> biofilms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:38:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f078e65a43c409d90b39c8369271a68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:38:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f078e65a43c409d90b39c8369271a682023-11-30T23:37:03ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-01-0111114310.3390/microorganisms11010143Pepsin and Trypsin Treatment Combined with Carvacrol: An Efficient Strategy to Fight <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> BiofilmsSamah Mechmechani0Adem Gharsallaoui1Layal Karam2Khaled EL Omari3Alexandre Fadel4Monzer Hamze5Nour-Eddine Chihib6University of Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations, 59000 Lille, FranceUniversity of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 69100 Villeurbanne, FranceHuman Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarLaboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, LebanonUniversity of Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Université d’Artois, FR 2638–IMEC-Institut Michel-Eugene Chevreul, 59000 Lille, FranceLaboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, LebanonUniversity of Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations, 59000 Lille, FranceBiofilms consist of microbial communities enclosed in a self-produced extracellular matrix which is mainly responsible of biofilm virulence. Targeting this matrix could be an effective strategy to control biofilms. In this work, we examined the efficacy of two proteolytic enzymes, pepsin and trypsin, to degrade <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>E. faecalis</i> biofilms and their synergistic effect when combined with carvacrol. The minimum dispersive concentrations (MDCs) and the contact times of enzymes, as well as the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and contact times of carvacrol, were determined against biofilms grown on polystyrene surfaces. For biofilms grown on stainless steel surfaces, the combined pepsin or trypsin with carvacrol treatment showed more significant reduction of both biofilms compared with carvacrol treatment alone. This reduction was more substantial after sequential treatment of both enzymes, followed by carvacrol with the greatest reduction of 4.7 log CFU mL<sup>−1</sup> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilm and 3.3 log CFU mL<sup>−1</sup> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for <i>E. faecalis</i> biofilm. Such improved efficiency was also obvious in the epifluorescence microscopy analysis. These findings demonstrate that the combined effect of the protease-dispersing activity and the carvacrol antimicrobial activity could be a prospective approach for controlling <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>E. faecalis</i> biofilms.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/1/143biofilmpepsintrypsincarvacrol<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i><i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> |
| spellingShingle | Samah Mechmechani Adem Gharsallaoui Layal Karam Khaled EL Omari Alexandre Fadel Monzer Hamze Nour-Eddine Chihib Pepsin and Trypsin Treatment Combined with Carvacrol: An Efficient Strategy to Fight <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Biofilms Microorganisms biofilm pepsin trypsin carvacrol <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> |
| title | Pepsin and Trypsin Treatment Combined with Carvacrol: An Efficient Strategy to Fight <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Biofilms |
| title_full | Pepsin and Trypsin Treatment Combined with Carvacrol: An Efficient Strategy to Fight <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Biofilms |
| title_fullStr | Pepsin and Trypsin Treatment Combined with Carvacrol: An Efficient Strategy to Fight <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Biofilms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pepsin and Trypsin Treatment Combined with Carvacrol: An Efficient Strategy to Fight <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Biofilms |
| title_short | Pepsin and Trypsin Treatment Combined with Carvacrol: An Efficient Strategy to Fight <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Biofilms |
| title_sort | pepsin and trypsin treatment combined with carvacrol an efficient strategy to fight i pseudomonas aeruginosa i and i enterococcus faecalis i biofilms |
| topic | biofilm pepsin trypsin carvacrol <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/1/143 |
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