| Summary: | Strategic management is a way of setting strategy by public organizations that integrates
strategy, and thus includes its planning to formulate new strategies, ways to integrate strategies, as well
as continuous strategic study. This strategic management can support public organizations to achieve
their very important objectives as well as to develop public value. This strategy is what unites the
capabilities and aspirations of public organizations. There are four types of strategists, as individuals,
teams, organizations or collaborations and in public administration, as in other situations: the reactor
who has low desires, mediocre capabilities, the dreamer, who aspires to special results, with low
capabilities, i.e. the one who does not achieves nothing, another who has low aspirations, quite high
capabilities, being also a skilled strategist, leading to high aspirations and high capabilities. There are
eight approaches to strategic planning. Broader process approaches include those influenced by the
Harvard Policy Model, i.e. logical incrementalism and stakeholder management. Process approaches in
a partial way include strategic negotiations, the management of these strategic issues as well as strategic
planning as a framework for continuous innovation. Finally, there are also two background approaches,
namely an analysis of the portfolio as well as of the forces inscribed in competition.
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