Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with “Green” Metals for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Toxic Elements
This work reviews the field of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with “green” metals for electrochemical stripping analysis of toxic elements. Electrochemical stripping analysis has been established as a useful trace analysis technique offering many advantages compared to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1032 |
| _version_ | 1817992770040627200 |
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| author | Anastasios Economou |
| author_facet | Anastasios Economou |
| author_sort | Anastasios Economou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work reviews the field of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with “green” metals for electrochemical stripping analysis of toxic elements. Electrochemical stripping analysis has been established as a useful trace analysis technique offering many advantages compared to competing optical techniques. Although mercury has been the preferred electrode material for stripping analysis, the toxicity of mercury and the associated legal requirements in its use and disposal have prompted research towards the development of “green” metals as alternative electrode materials. When combined with the screen-printing technology, such environment-friendly metals can lead to disposable sensors for trace metal analysis with excellent operational characteristics. This review focuses on SPEs modified with Au, Bi, Sb, and Sn for stripping analysis of toxic elements. Different modification approaches (electroplating, bulk modification, use of metal precursors, microengineering techniques) are considered and representative applications are described. A developing related field, namely biosensing based on stripping analysis of metallic nanoprobe labels, is also briefly mentioned. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:30:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f113a1f6d5f4fe9ab22979222a46098 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:30:40Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f113a1f6d5f4fe9ab22979222a460982022-12-22T02:20:10ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202018-03-01184103210.3390/s18041032s18041032Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with “Green” Metals for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Toxic ElementsAnastasios Economou0Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 71, GreeceThis work reviews the field of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with “green” metals for electrochemical stripping analysis of toxic elements. Electrochemical stripping analysis has been established as a useful trace analysis technique offering many advantages compared to competing optical techniques. Although mercury has been the preferred electrode material for stripping analysis, the toxicity of mercury and the associated legal requirements in its use and disposal have prompted research towards the development of “green” metals as alternative electrode materials. When combined with the screen-printing technology, such environment-friendly metals can lead to disposable sensors for trace metal analysis with excellent operational characteristics. This review focuses on SPEs modified with Au, Bi, Sb, and Sn for stripping analysis of toxic elements. Different modification approaches (electroplating, bulk modification, use of metal precursors, microengineering techniques) are considered and representative applications are described. A developing related field, namely biosensing based on stripping analysis of metallic nanoprobe labels, is also briefly mentioned.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1032screen-printed electrodes“green” metalsstripping analysistoxic elementsbismuthantimonytingold |
| spellingShingle | Anastasios Economou Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with “Green” Metals for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Toxic Elements Sensors screen-printed electrodes “green” metals stripping analysis toxic elements bismuth antimony tin gold |
| title | Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with “Green” Metals for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Toxic Elements |
| title_full | Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with “Green” Metals for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Toxic Elements |
| title_fullStr | Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with “Green” Metals for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Toxic Elements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with “Green” Metals for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Toxic Elements |
| title_short | Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with “Green” Metals for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Toxic Elements |
| title_sort | screen printed electrodes modified with green metals for electrochemical stripping analysis of toxic elements |
| topic | screen-printed electrodes “green” metals stripping analysis toxic elements bismuth antimony tin gold |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1032 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anastasioseconomou screenprintedelectrodesmodifiedwithgreenmetalsforelectrochemicalstrippinganalysisoftoxicelements |