Kinetics of Zn–C Battery Leaching with Choline Chloride/Urea Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents

A choline chloride/urea natural deep eutectic solvent (ChCl NADES) was prepared via a green chemistry method and used to leach Zn and Mn oxides from conventional Zn–C scrap batteries. FTIR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the NADES. The leaching kinetics of th...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Irlanda G. Cruz-Reyes, Jorge A. Mendoza-Pérez, Rosario Ruiz-Guerrero, Dulce Y. Medina-Velázquez, Luis G. Zepeda-Vallejo, Ángel de J. Morales-Ramírez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-11-01
Series:Recycling
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/7/6/86
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Summary:A choline chloride/urea natural deep eutectic solvent (ChCl NADES) was prepared via a green chemistry method and used to leach Zn and Mn oxides from conventional Zn–C scrap batteries. FTIR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the NADES. The leaching kinetics of the Zn and Mn oxides was monitored at isothermal conditions (80, 100, 125, and 150 °C) and at two solid/NADES ratios: 3.3 and 10 g dm<sup>−3</sup>. It was possible to dissolve Zn and Mn oxides under all of tested conditions, reaching more than a 95% recovery for both metals at 150 °C after 90 min, whereas, at 25 °C, it was possible to leach up to 90% of the Zn and 30% of the Mn after 4320 min (72 h). Furthermore, the leaching kinetics was controlled by the boundary layer, coincident with a shrinking core model. According to the Arrhenius plot, the activation energy for Zn ranges from 49.13 to 52.21 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, and that for Mn ranges from 46.97 to 66.77 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>.
ISSN:2313-4321