Kinetics of Zn–C Battery Leaching with Choline Chloride/Urea Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents
A choline chloride/urea natural deep eutectic solvent (ChCl NADES) was prepared via a green chemistry method and used to leach Zn and Mn oxides from conventional Zn–C scrap batteries. FTIR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the NADES. The leaching kinetics of th...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Recycling |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/7/6/86 |
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| author | Irlanda G. Cruz-Reyes Jorge A. Mendoza-Pérez Rosario Ruiz-Guerrero Dulce Y. Medina-Velázquez Luis G. Zepeda-Vallejo Ángel de J. Morales-Ramírez |
| author_facet | Irlanda G. Cruz-Reyes Jorge A. Mendoza-Pérez Rosario Ruiz-Guerrero Dulce Y. Medina-Velázquez Luis G. Zepeda-Vallejo Ángel de J. Morales-Ramírez |
| author_sort | Irlanda G. Cruz-Reyes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A choline chloride/urea natural deep eutectic solvent (ChCl NADES) was prepared via a green chemistry method and used to leach Zn and Mn oxides from conventional Zn–C scrap batteries. FTIR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the NADES. The leaching kinetics of the Zn and Mn oxides was monitored at isothermal conditions (80, 100, 125, and 150 °C) and at two solid/NADES ratios: 3.3 and 10 g dm<sup>−3</sup>. It was possible to dissolve Zn and Mn oxides under all of tested conditions, reaching more than a 95% recovery for both metals at 150 °C after 90 min, whereas, at 25 °C, it was possible to leach up to 90% of the Zn and 30% of the Mn after 4320 min (72 h). Furthermore, the leaching kinetics was controlled by the boundary layer, coincident with a shrinking core model. According to the Arrhenius plot, the activation energy for Zn ranges from 49.13 to 52.21 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, and that for Mn ranges from 46.97 to 66.77 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:54:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f18e231cc264149b122c27fc32935f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-4321 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:54:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Recycling |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f18e231cc264149b122c27fc32935f32023-11-24T17:43:44ZengMDPI AGRecycling2313-43212022-11-01768610.3390/recycling7060086Kinetics of Zn–C Battery Leaching with Choline Chloride/Urea Natural Deep Eutectic SolventsIrlanda G. Cruz-Reyes0Jorge A. Mendoza-Pérez1Rosario Ruiz-Guerrero2Dulce Y. Medina-Velázquez3Luis G. Zepeda-Vallejo4Ángel de J. Morales-Ramírez5Instituto Politécnico Nacional-ESIME, Edificio 2, Av. Luis Enrique Erro S/N, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, CDMX 07738, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional-ENCB, Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales, Campus Santo Tomás, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cárdenas, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, CDMX 11340, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional-CIITEC, Calle Cerrada CECATI S/N Col. Santa Catarina Azcapotzalco, CDMX 02250, MexicoDepartamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Azcapotzalco, CDMX 02120, MexicoDepartamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Azcapotzalco, CDMX 02120, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional-ENCB, Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales, Campus Santo Tomás, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cárdenas, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, CDMX 11340, MexicoA choline chloride/urea natural deep eutectic solvent (ChCl NADES) was prepared via a green chemistry method and used to leach Zn and Mn oxides from conventional Zn–C scrap batteries. FTIR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the NADES. The leaching kinetics of the Zn and Mn oxides was monitored at isothermal conditions (80, 100, 125, and 150 °C) and at two solid/NADES ratios: 3.3 and 10 g dm<sup>−3</sup>. It was possible to dissolve Zn and Mn oxides under all of tested conditions, reaching more than a 95% recovery for both metals at 150 °C after 90 min, whereas, at 25 °C, it was possible to leach up to 90% of the Zn and 30% of the Mn after 4320 min (72 h). Furthermore, the leaching kinetics was controlled by the boundary layer, coincident with a shrinking core model. According to the Arrhenius plot, the activation energy for Zn ranges from 49.13 to 52.21 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, and that for Mn ranges from 46.97 to 66.77 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/7/6/86natural deep eutectic solventsbattery recyclingZn leachingMn leachingshrinking core model kinetics |
| spellingShingle | Irlanda G. Cruz-Reyes Jorge A. Mendoza-Pérez Rosario Ruiz-Guerrero Dulce Y. Medina-Velázquez Luis G. Zepeda-Vallejo Ángel de J. Morales-Ramírez Kinetics of Zn–C Battery Leaching with Choline Chloride/Urea Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Recycling natural deep eutectic solvents battery recycling Zn leaching Mn leaching shrinking core model kinetics |
| title | Kinetics of Zn–C Battery Leaching with Choline Chloride/Urea Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents |
| title_full | Kinetics of Zn–C Battery Leaching with Choline Chloride/Urea Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents |
| title_fullStr | Kinetics of Zn–C Battery Leaching with Choline Chloride/Urea Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kinetics of Zn–C Battery Leaching with Choline Chloride/Urea Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents |
| title_short | Kinetics of Zn–C Battery Leaching with Choline Chloride/Urea Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents |
| title_sort | kinetics of zn c battery leaching with choline chloride urea natural deep eutectic solvents |
| topic | natural deep eutectic solvents battery recycling Zn leaching Mn leaching shrinking core model kinetics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/7/6/86 |
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