Including ash in UKESM1 model simulations of the Raikoke volcanic eruption reveals improved agreement with observations
<p>In June 2019 the Raikoke volcano, located in the Kuril Islands northeast of the Japanese archipelago, erupted explosively and emitted approximately 1.5 Tg <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 0.2 Tg of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</su...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/3985/2023/acp-23-3985-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797852497588518912 |
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| author | A. F. Wells A. Jones M. Osborne L. Damany-Pearce D. G. Partridge J. M. Haywood J. M. Haywood |
| author_facet | A. F. Wells A. Jones M. Osborne L. Damany-Pearce D. G. Partridge J. M. Haywood J. M. Haywood |
| author_sort | A. F. Wells |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>In June 2019 the Raikoke volcano, located in the Kuril
Islands northeast of the Japanese archipelago, erupted explosively and emitted approximately
1.5 Tg <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 0.2 Tg of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and 0.4–1.8 Tg of ash into the upper
troposphere and lower stratosphere. Volcanic ash is usually neglected in
modelling stratospheric climate changes since larger particles have
generally been considered to be short-lived particles in terms of their stratospheric
lifetime. However, recent studies have shown that the coagulation of mixed
particles with ash and sulfate is necessary to model the evolution of
aerosol size distribution more accurately. We perform simulations using a
nudged version of the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1) that includes a
detailed two-moment aerosol microphysical scheme for modelling the oxidation
of sulfur dioxide (SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>) to sulfate aerosol and the detailed evolution
of aerosol microphysics in the stratosphere. We compare the model with a
wide range of observational data. The current observational network,
including satellites, surface-based lidars, and high-altitude
sun photometers means that smaller-scale eruptions such as Raikoke provide
unprecedented detail of the evolution of volcanic plumes and processes, but
there are significant differences in the evolution of the plume detected
using the various satellite retrievals. These differences stem from
fundamental differences in detection methods between, e.g. lidar and
limb-sounding measurement techniques and the associated differences in
detection limits and the geographical areas where robust retrievals are
possible. This study highlights that, despite the problems in developing
robust and consistent observational constraints, the balance of evidence
suggests that including ash in the model emission scheme provides a more
accurate simulation of the evolution of the volcanic plume within UKESM1.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:35:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f1ac30335e542048c53b97788d6864f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:35:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f1ac30335e542048c53b97788d6864f2023-04-04T13:08:09ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242023-04-01233985400710.5194/acp-23-3985-2023Including ash in UKESM1 model simulations of the Raikoke volcanic eruption reveals improved agreement with observationsA. F. Wells0A. Jones1M. Osborne2L. Damany-Pearce3D. G. Partridge4J. M. Haywood5J. M. Haywood6Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, United KingdomMet Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, United KingdomMet Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, United KingdomDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, United KingdomDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, United KingdomDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, United KingdomMet Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom<p>In June 2019 the Raikoke volcano, located in the Kuril Islands northeast of the Japanese archipelago, erupted explosively and emitted approximately 1.5 Tg <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 0.2 Tg of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and 0.4–1.8 Tg of ash into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Volcanic ash is usually neglected in modelling stratospheric climate changes since larger particles have generally been considered to be short-lived particles in terms of their stratospheric lifetime. However, recent studies have shown that the coagulation of mixed particles with ash and sulfate is necessary to model the evolution of aerosol size distribution more accurately. We perform simulations using a nudged version of the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1) that includes a detailed two-moment aerosol microphysical scheme for modelling the oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>) to sulfate aerosol and the detailed evolution of aerosol microphysics in the stratosphere. We compare the model with a wide range of observational data. The current observational network, including satellites, surface-based lidars, and high-altitude sun photometers means that smaller-scale eruptions such as Raikoke provide unprecedented detail of the evolution of volcanic plumes and processes, but there are significant differences in the evolution of the plume detected using the various satellite retrievals. These differences stem from fundamental differences in detection methods between, e.g. lidar and limb-sounding measurement techniques and the associated differences in detection limits and the geographical areas where robust retrievals are possible. This study highlights that, despite the problems in developing robust and consistent observational constraints, the balance of evidence suggests that including ash in the model emission scheme provides a more accurate simulation of the evolution of the volcanic plume within UKESM1.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/3985/2023/acp-23-3985-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | A. F. Wells A. Jones M. Osborne L. Damany-Pearce D. G. Partridge J. M. Haywood J. M. Haywood Including ash in UKESM1 model simulations of the Raikoke volcanic eruption reveals improved agreement with observations Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Including ash in UKESM1 model simulations of the Raikoke volcanic eruption reveals improved agreement with observations |
| title_full | Including ash in UKESM1 model simulations of the Raikoke volcanic eruption reveals improved agreement with observations |
| title_fullStr | Including ash in UKESM1 model simulations of the Raikoke volcanic eruption reveals improved agreement with observations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Including ash in UKESM1 model simulations of the Raikoke volcanic eruption reveals improved agreement with observations |
| title_short | Including ash in UKESM1 model simulations of the Raikoke volcanic eruption reveals improved agreement with observations |
| title_sort | including ash in ukesm1 model simulations of the raikoke volcanic eruption reveals improved agreement with observations |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/3985/2023/acp-23-3985-2023.pdf |
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