Determination of the Optimal Conditions for the Mass Culture of Large-Type Rotifers (<i>Brachionus plicatilis</i>) at Low Temperatures
We aimed to determine the optimal conditions for the mass culture of rotifers, which can be used as feed for cold-water fish species at low temperatures. The growth and specific growth rates (SGRs) of rotifers were assessed considering water temperature, salinity, density, dissolved oxygen (DO) leve...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/18/3310 |
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| author | Hae-Kyun Yoo So-Sun Kim Ki-Wook Lee Suk-Young Lee Min-Min Jung Soo-Ji Woo |
| author_facet | Hae-Kyun Yoo So-Sun Kim Ki-Wook Lee Suk-Young Lee Min-Min Jung Soo-Ji Woo |
| author_sort | Hae-Kyun Yoo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We aimed to determine the optimal conditions for the mass culture of rotifers, which can be used as feed for cold-water fish species at low temperatures. The growth and specific growth rates (SGRs) of rotifers were assessed considering water temperature, salinity, density, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, and the amount of <i>Chlorella</i> supplied as feed. The growth of rotifers was higher at 15 °C than at 10 °C and at salinities of ~11–17 psu. Initial inoculation densities of 500 and 700 individuals/mL resulted in the highest rotifer density, and SGR was highest at 100 individuals/mL. DO concentration did not significantly affect the growth and SGRs of rotifers. Enrichment with fatty acids is important to supplement the diet of cold-water fish species. Highly unsaturated fatty acid content increased with enrichment time to 14.04 ± 0.86% at 12 h and 15.58 ± 2.20% at 24 h. Thus, the optimal conditions for rotifer mass culture are a water temperature of 15 °C, salinity of 11–17 psu, initial inoculation density of 300–500 individuals/mL, DO concentration of 8 mg/L or more, and <i>Chlorella</i> supply at 7.5 × 10<sup>12</sup> cells/mL. Therefore, the present study suggests optimal culture conditions of rotifers at low temperatures for breeding cold-water fish species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:50:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f1dff6779744c259ae5900199397bd0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:50:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f1dff6779744c259ae5900199397bd02023-11-19T13:26:50ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-09-011518331010.3390/w15183310Determination of the Optimal Conditions for the Mass Culture of Large-Type Rotifers (<i>Brachionus plicatilis</i>) at Low TemperaturesHae-Kyun Yoo0So-Sun Kim1Ki-Wook Lee2Suk-Young Lee3Min-Min Jung4Soo-Ji Woo5East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gangneung-si 25435, Republic of KoreaEast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gangneung-si 25435, Republic of KoreaEast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gangneung-si 25435, Republic of KoreaEast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gangneung-si 25435, Republic of KoreaEast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gangneung-si 25435, Republic of KoreaEast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gangneung-si 25435, Republic of KoreaWe aimed to determine the optimal conditions for the mass culture of rotifers, which can be used as feed for cold-water fish species at low temperatures. The growth and specific growth rates (SGRs) of rotifers were assessed considering water temperature, salinity, density, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, and the amount of <i>Chlorella</i> supplied as feed. The growth of rotifers was higher at 15 °C than at 10 °C and at salinities of ~11–17 psu. Initial inoculation densities of 500 and 700 individuals/mL resulted in the highest rotifer density, and SGR was highest at 100 individuals/mL. DO concentration did not significantly affect the growth and SGRs of rotifers. Enrichment with fatty acids is important to supplement the diet of cold-water fish species. Highly unsaturated fatty acid content increased with enrichment time to 14.04 ± 0.86% at 12 h and 15.58 ± 2.20% at 24 h. Thus, the optimal conditions for rotifer mass culture are a water temperature of 15 °C, salinity of 11–17 psu, initial inoculation density of 300–500 individuals/mL, DO concentration of 8 mg/L or more, and <i>Chlorella</i> supply at 7.5 × 10<sup>12</sup> cells/mL. Therefore, the present study suggests optimal culture conditions of rotifers at low temperatures for breeding cold-water fish species.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/18/3310<i>Brachionus plicatilis</i>culture conditionlow temperaturemass culturerotifer |
| spellingShingle | Hae-Kyun Yoo So-Sun Kim Ki-Wook Lee Suk-Young Lee Min-Min Jung Soo-Ji Woo Determination of the Optimal Conditions for the Mass Culture of Large-Type Rotifers (<i>Brachionus plicatilis</i>) at Low Temperatures Water <i>Brachionus plicatilis</i> culture condition low temperature mass culture rotifer |
| title | Determination of the Optimal Conditions for the Mass Culture of Large-Type Rotifers (<i>Brachionus plicatilis</i>) at Low Temperatures |
| title_full | Determination of the Optimal Conditions for the Mass Culture of Large-Type Rotifers (<i>Brachionus plicatilis</i>) at Low Temperatures |
| title_fullStr | Determination of the Optimal Conditions for the Mass Culture of Large-Type Rotifers (<i>Brachionus plicatilis</i>) at Low Temperatures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of the Optimal Conditions for the Mass Culture of Large-Type Rotifers (<i>Brachionus plicatilis</i>) at Low Temperatures |
| title_short | Determination of the Optimal Conditions for the Mass Culture of Large-Type Rotifers (<i>Brachionus plicatilis</i>) at Low Temperatures |
| title_sort | determination of the optimal conditions for the mass culture of large type rotifers i brachionus plicatilis i at low temperatures |
| topic | <i>Brachionus plicatilis</i> culture condition low temperature mass culture rotifer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/18/3310 |
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