Current Landscape of Therapeutic Resistance in Lung Cancer and Promising Strategies to Overcome Resistance
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of less than 18%. Current treatment modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Despite advances in therapeutic options, resistance to therapy...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/19/4562 |
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| author | Adnin Ashrafi Zakia Akter Pouya Modareszadeh Parsa Modareszadeh Eranda Berisha Parinaz Sadat Alemi Maria del Carmen Chacon Castro Alexander R. Deese Li Zhang |
| author_facet | Adnin Ashrafi Zakia Akter Pouya Modareszadeh Parsa Modareszadeh Eranda Berisha Parinaz Sadat Alemi Maria del Carmen Chacon Castro Alexander R. Deese Li Zhang |
| author_sort | Adnin Ashrafi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of less than 18%. Current treatment modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Despite advances in therapeutic options, resistance to therapy remains a major obstacle to the effectiveness of long-term treatment, eventually leading to therapeutic insensitivity, poor progression-free survival, and disease relapse. Resistance mechanisms stem from genetic mutations and/or epigenetic changes, unregulated drug efflux, tumor hypoxia, alterations in the tumor microenvironment, and several other cellular and molecular alterations. A better understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for targeting factors involved in therapeutic resistance, establishing novel antitumor targets, and developing therapeutic strategies to resensitize cancer cells towards treatment. In this review, we summarize diverse mechanisms driving resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, and promising strategies to help overcome this therapeutic resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:58:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f33b5609f334d5eaca10937098c7583 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:58:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f33b5609f334d5eaca10937098c75832023-11-23T19:52:51ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-09-011419456210.3390/cancers14194562Current Landscape of Therapeutic Resistance in Lung Cancer and Promising Strategies to Overcome ResistanceAdnin Ashrafi0Zakia Akter1Pouya Modareszadeh2Parsa Modareszadeh3Eranda Berisha4Parinaz Sadat Alemi5Maria del Carmen Chacon Castro6Alexander R. Deese7Li Zhang8Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USALung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of less than 18%. Current treatment modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Despite advances in therapeutic options, resistance to therapy remains a major obstacle to the effectiveness of long-term treatment, eventually leading to therapeutic insensitivity, poor progression-free survival, and disease relapse. Resistance mechanisms stem from genetic mutations and/or epigenetic changes, unregulated drug efflux, tumor hypoxia, alterations in the tumor microenvironment, and several other cellular and molecular alterations. A better understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for targeting factors involved in therapeutic resistance, establishing novel antitumor targets, and developing therapeutic strategies to resensitize cancer cells towards treatment. In this review, we summarize diverse mechanisms driving resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, and promising strategies to help overcome this therapeutic resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/19/4562lung cancertherapeutic resistancechemotherapyradiotherapytargeted therapyimmunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Adnin Ashrafi Zakia Akter Pouya Modareszadeh Parsa Modareszadeh Eranda Berisha Parinaz Sadat Alemi Maria del Carmen Chacon Castro Alexander R. Deese Li Zhang Current Landscape of Therapeutic Resistance in Lung Cancer and Promising Strategies to Overcome Resistance Cancers lung cancer therapeutic resistance chemotherapy radiotherapy targeted therapy immunotherapy |
| title | Current Landscape of Therapeutic Resistance in Lung Cancer and Promising Strategies to Overcome Resistance |
| title_full | Current Landscape of Therapeutic Resistance in Lung Cancer and Promising Strategies to Overcome Resistance |
| title_fullStr | Current Landscape of Therapeutic Resistance in Lung Cancer and Promising Strategies to Overcome Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current Landscape of Therapeutic Resistance in Lung Cancer and Promising Strategies to Overcome Resistance |
| title_short | Current Landscape of Therapeutic Resistance in Lung Cancer and Promising Strategies to Overcome Resistance |
| title_sort | current landscape of therapeutic resistance in lung cancer and promising strategies to overcome resistance |
| topic | lung cancer therapeutic resistance chemotherapy radiotherapy targeted therapy immunotherapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/19/4562 |
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