A Cost-Effective Distributed Acoustic Sensor Using a Commercial Off-the-Shelf DFB Laser and Direct Detection Phase-OTDR
We propose and experimentally demonstrate the use of cyclic pulse coding for enhanced performance in distributed acoustic sensing based on a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR) using direct detection. First, we present a theoretical analysis showing that to make cyc...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2016-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7355285/ |
| _version_ | 1819120985956155392 |
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| author | Yonas Muanenda Claudio J. Oton Stefano Faralli Fabrizio Di Pasquale |
| author_facet | Yonas Muanenda Claudio J. Oton Stefano Faralli Fabrizio Di Pasquale |
| author_sort | Yonas Muanenda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We propose and experimentally demonstrate the use of cyclic pulse coding for enhanced performance in distributed acoustic sensing based on a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR) using direct detection. First, we present a theoretical analysis showing that to make cyclic pulse coding effective in φ-OTDR, the laser linewidth and stability must be optimized to simultaneously guarantee intrapulse coherence and interpulse incoherence. We then confirm that commercial off-the-shelf distributed feedback (DFB) lasers can satisfy these conditions, providing coding gain consistent with theoretical predictions. By externally modulating such lasers with cyclic pulse coding, we demonstrate a distributed acoustic sensor capable of measuring vibrations of up to 500 Hz over 5 km of standard single-mode fiber with 5-m spatial resolution with ~9-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement compared with the single-pulse equivalent. We also show that the proposed solution offers sensing performances that are comparable to similar sensors employing highly coherent and stabilized external cavity lasers and a single-pulse φ-OTDR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T06:29:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f38bed32bde447796163a4fe0b0fea5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1943-0655 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T06:29:22Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f38bed32bde447796163a4fe0b0fea52022-12-21T18:35:45ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552016-01-018111010.1109/JPHOT.2015.25084277355285A Cost-Effective Distributed Acoustic Sensor Using a Commercial Off-the-Shelf DFB Laser and Direct Detection Phase-OTDRYonas Muanenda0Claudio J. Oton1Stefano Faralli2Fabrizio Di Pasquale3Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, TECIP Institute, Pisa, ItalyScuola Superiore Sant'Anna, TECIP Institute, Pisa, ItalyScuola Superiore Sant'Anna, TECIP Institute, Pisa, ItalyScuola Superiore Sant'Anna, TECIP Institute, Pisa, ItalyWe propose and experimentally demonstrate the use of cyclic pulse coding for enhanced performance in distributed acoustic sensing based on a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR) using direct detection. First, we present a theoretical analysis showing that to make cyclic pulse coding effective in φ-OTDR, the laser linewidth and stability must be optimized to simultaneously guarantee intrapulse coherence and interpulse incoherence. We then confirm that commercial off-the-shelf distributed feedback (DFB) lasers can satisfy these conditions, providing coding gain consistent with theoretical predictions. By externally modulating such lasers with cyclic pulse coding, we demonstrate a distributed acoustic sensor capable of measuring vibrations of up to 500 Hz over 5 km of standard single-mode fiber with 5-m spatial resolution with ~9-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement compared with the single-pulse equivalent. We also show that the proposed solution offers sensing performances that are comparable to similar sensors employing highly coherent and stabilized external cavity lasers and a single-pulse φ-OTDR.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7355285/Fiber optics sensorsRayleigh scatteringlaserslinewidth |
| spellingShingle | Yonas Muanenda Claudio J. Oton Stefano Faralli Fabrizio Di Pasquale A Cost-Effective Distributed Acoustic Sensor Using a Commercial Off-the-Shelf DFB Laser and Direct Detection Phase-OTDR IEEE Photonics Journal Fiber optics sensors Rayleigh scattering lasers linewidth |
| title | A Cost-Effective Distributed Acoustic Sensor Using a Commercial Off-the-Shelf DFB Laser and Direct Detection Phase-OTDR |
| title_full | A Cost-Effective Distributed Acoustic Sensor Using a Commercial Off-the-Shelf DFB Laser and Direct Detection Phase-OTDR |
| title_fullStr | A Cost-Effective Distributed Acoustic Sensor Using a Commercial Off-the-Shelf DFB Laser and Direct Detection Phase-OTDR |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Cost-Effective Distributed Acoustic Sensor Using a Commercial Off-the-Shelf DFB Laser and Direct Detection Phase-OTDR |
| title_short | A Cost-Effective Distributed Acoustic Sensor Using a Commercial Off-the-Shelf DFB Laser and Direct Detection Phase-OTDR |
| title_sort | cost effective distributed acoustic sensor using a commercial off the shelf dfb laser and direct detection phase otdr |
| topic | Fiber optics sensors Rayleigh scattering lasers linewidth |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7355285/ |
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