Genome-based engineering of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi
Abstract Background Many fungi grow as saprobic organisms and obtain nutrients from a wide range of dead organic materials. Among saprobes, fungal species that grow on wood or in polluted environments have evolved prolific mechanisms for the production of degrading compounds, such as ligninolytic en...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Microbial Cell Factories |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-021-01510-9 |
| _version_ | 1818720107450335232 |
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| author | Michael Dare Asemoloye Mario Andrea Marchisio Vijai Kumar Gupta Lorenzo Pecoraro |
| author_facet | Michael Dare Asemoloye Mario Andrea Marchisio Vijai Kumar Gupta Lorenzo Pecoraro |
| author_sort | Michael Dare Asemoloye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Many fungi grow as saprobic organisms and obtain nutrients from a wide range of dead organic materials. Among saprobes, fungal species that grow on wood or in polluted environments have evolved prolific mechanisms for the production of degrading compounds, such as ligninolytic enzymes. These enzymes include arrays of intense redox-potential oxidoreductase, such as laccase, catalase, and peroxidases. The ability to produce ligninolytic enzymes makes a variety of fungal species suitable for application in many industries, including the production of biofuels and antibiotics, bioremediation, and biomedical application as biosensors. However, fungal ligninolytic enzymes are produced naturally in small quantities that may not meet the industrial or market demands. Over the last decade, combined synthetic biology and computational designs have yielded significant results in enhancing the synthesis of natural compounds in fungi. Main body of the abstract In this review, we gave insights into different protein engineering methods, including rational, semi-rational, and directed evolution approaches that have been employed to enhance the production of some important ligninolytic enzymes in fungi. We described the role of metabolic pathway engineering to optimize the synthesis of chemical compounds of interest in various fields. We highlighted synthetic biology novel techniques for biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) activation in fungo and heterologous reconstruction of BGC in microbial cells. We also discussed in detail some recombinant ligninolytic enzymes that have been successfully enhanced and expressed in different heterologous hosts. Finally, we described recent advance in CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-Cas (CRISPR associated) protein systems as the most promising biotechnology for large-scale production of ligninolytic enzymes. Short conclusion Aggregation, expression, and regulation of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi require very complex procedures with many interfering factors. Synthetic and computational biology strategies, as explained in this review, are powerful tools that can be combined to solve these puzzles. These integrated strategies can lead to the production of enzymes with special abilities, such as wide substrate specifications, thermo-stability, tolerance to long time storage, and stability in different substrate conditions, such as pH and nutrients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:17:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f38fdddf58b4bfe9c771dba40b4f28e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2859 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:17:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbial Cell Factories |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f38fdddf58b4bfe9c771dba40b4f28e2022-12-21T21:34:01ZengBMCMicrobial Cell Factories1475-28592021-01-0120111810.1186/s12934-021-01510-9Genome-based engineering of ligninolytic enzymes in fungiMichael Dare Asemoloye0Mario Andrea Marchisio1Vijai Kumar Gupta2Lorenzo Pecoraro3School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai DistrictSchool of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai DistrictBiorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC)School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai DistrictAbstract Background Many fungi grow as saprobic organisms and obtain nutrients from a wide range of dead organic materials. Among saprobes, fungal species that grow on wood or in polluted environments have evolved prolific mechanisms for the production of degrading compounds, such as ligninolytic enzymes. These enzymes include arrays of intense redox-potential oxidoreductase, such as laccase, catalase, and peroxidases. The ability to produce ligninolytic enzymes makes a variety of fungal species suitable for application in many industries, including the production of biofuels and antibiotics, bioremediation, and biomedical application as biosensors. However, fungal ligninolytic enzymes are produced naturally in small quantities that may not meet the industrial or market demands. Over the last decade, combined synthetic biology and computational designs have yielded significant results in enhancing the synthesis of natural compounds in fungi. Main body of the abstract In this review, we gave insights into different protein engineering methods, including rational, semi-rational, and directed evolution approaches that have been employed to enhance the production of some important ligninolytic enzymes in fungi. We described the role of metabolic pathway engineering to optimize the synthesis of chemical compounds of interest in various fields. We highlighted synthetic biology novel techniques for biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) activation in fungo and heterologous reconstruction of BGC in microbial cells. We also discussed in detail some recombinant ligninolytic enzymes that have been successfully enhanced and expressed in different heterologous hosts. Finally, we described recent advance in CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-Cas (CRISPR associated) protein systems as the most promising biotechnology for large-scale production of ligninolytic enzymes. Short conclusion Aggregation, expression, and regulation of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi require very complex procedures with many interfering factors. Synthetic and computational biology strategies, as explained in this review, are powerful tools that can be combined to solve these puzzles. These integrated strategies can lead to the production of enzymes with special abilities, such as wide substrate specifications, thermo-stability, tolerance to long time storage, and stability in different substrate conditions, such as pH and nutrients.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-021-01510-9Biosynthetic pathwaysCRISPR-casFungiFungal secretomeGene editingHeterologous protein expression |
| spellingShingle | Michael Dare Asemoloye Mario Andrea Marchisio Vijai Kumar Gupta Lorenzo Pecoraro Genome-based engineering of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi Microbial Cell Factories Biosynthetic pathways CRISPR-cas Fungi Fungal secretome Gene editing Heterologous protein expression |
| title | Genome-based engineering of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi |
| title_full | Genome-based engineering of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi |
| title_fullStr | Genome-based engineering of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-based engineering of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi |
| title_short | Genome-based engineering of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi |
| title_sort | genome based engineering of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi |
| topic | Biosynthetic pathways CRISPR-cas Fungi Fungal secretome Gene editing Heterologous protein expression |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-021-01510-9 |
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