Mechanistic Insights into Peptide Binding and Deactivation of an Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (ADGRGs) play critical roles in the reproductive, neurological, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems. In particular, ADGRG2 plays a significant role in Ewing sarcoma cell proliferation, parathyroid cell function, and male fertility. In 2022, a cryo-EM structure...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/1/164 |
| _version_ | 1797358380960972800 |
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| author | Victor A. Adediwura Yinglong Miao |
| author_facet | Victor A. Adediwura Yinglong Miao |
| author_sort | Victor A. Adediwura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (ADGRGs) play critical roles in the reproductive, neurological, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems. In particular, ADGRG2 plays a significant role in Ewing sarcoma cell proliferation, parathyroid cell function, and male fertility. In 2022, a cryo-EM structure was reported for the active ADGRG2 bound by an optimized peptide agonist IP15 and the Gs protein. The IP15 peptide agonist was also modified to antagonists 4PH-E and 4PH-D with mutations of the 4PH residue to Glu and Asp, respectively. However, experimental structures of inactive antagonist-bound ADGRs remain to be resolved, and the activation mechanism of ADGRs such as ADGRG2 is poorly understood. Here, we applied Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations to probe conformational dynamics of the agonist- and antagonist-bound ADGRG2. By performing GaMD simulations, we were able to identify important low-energy conformations of ADGRG2 in the active, intermediate, and inactive states, as well as explore the binding conformations of each peptide. Moreover, our simulations revealed critical peptide-receptor residue interactions during the deactivation of ADGRG2. In conclusion, through GaMD simulations, we uncovered mechanistic insights into peptide (agonist and antagonist) binding and deactivation of the ADGRG2. These findings will potentially facilitate rational design of new peptide modulators of ADGRG2 and other ADGRs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:01:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f3f816f5ac3467b96b1e922cd164769 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:01:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f3f816f5ac3467b96b1e922cd1647692024-01-10T15:04:22ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-12-0129116410.3390/molecules29010164Mechanistic Insights into Peptide Binding and Deactivation of an Adhesion G Protein-Coupled ReceptorVictor A. Adediwura0Yinglong Miao1Department of Pharmacology and Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USAAdhesion G protein-coupled receptors (ADGRGs) play critical roles in the reproductive, neurological, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems. In particular, ADGRG2 plays a significant role in Ewing sarcoma cell proliferation, parathyroid cell function, and male fertility. In 2022, a cryo-EM structure was reported for the active ADGRG2 bound by an optimized peptide agonist IP15 and the Gs protein. The IP15 peptide agonist was also modified to antagonists 4PH-E and 4PH-D with mutations of the 4PH residue to Glu and Asp, respectively. However, experimental structures of inactive antagonist-bound ADGRs remain to be resolved, and the activation mechanism of ADGRs such as ADGRG2 is poorly understood. Here, we applied Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations to probe conformational dynamics of the agonist- and antagonist-bound ADGRG2. By performing GaMD simulations, we were able to identify important low-energy conformations of ADGRG2 in the active, intermediate, and inactive states, as well as explore the binding conformations of each peptide. Moreover, our simulations revealed critical peptide-receptor residue interactions during the deactivation of ADGRG2. In conclusion, through GaMD simulations, we uncovered mechanistic insights into peptide (agonist and antagonist) binding and deactivation of the ADGRG2. These findings will potentially facilitate rational design of new peptide modulators of ADGRG2 and other ADGRs.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/1/164adhesion G protein-coupled receptorspeptidesdeactivationGaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD)drug design |
| spellingShingle | Victor A. Adediwura Yinglong Miao Mechanistic Insights into Peptide Binding and Deactivation of an Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor Molecules adhesion G protein-coupled receptors peptides deactivation Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) drug design |
| title | Mechanistic Insights into Peptide Binding and Deactivation of an Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor |
| title_full | Mechanistic Insights into Peptide Binding and Deactivation of an Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor |
| title_fullStr | Mechanistic Insights into Peptide Binding and Deactivation of an Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanistic Insights into Peptide Binding and Deactivation of an Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor |
| title_short | Mechanistic Insights into Peptide Binding and Deactivation of an Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor |
| title_sort | mechanistic insights into peptide binding and deactivation of an adhesion g protein coupled receptor |
| topic | adhesion G protein-coupled receptors peptides deactivation Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) drug design |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/1/164 |
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