Energy and Environmental National Assessment of Alternative Fuel Buses in Morocco
The heavy reliance on petroleum-based fuels in the road transport industry, especially public transportation, results in substantial emissions of greenhouse gases. A significant obstacle on the path to a more sustainable public transportation sector is the employment of alternative fuels with lower...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | World Electric Vehicle Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/14/4/105 |
| _version_ | 1797603121934893056 |
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| author | Hamza El Hafdaoui Faissal Jelti Ahmed Khallaayoun Kamar Ouazzani |
| author_facet | Hamza El Hafdaoui Faissal Jelti Ahmed Khallaayoun Kamar Ouazzani |
| author_sort | Hamza El Hafdaoui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The heavy reliance on petroleum-based fuels in the road transport industry, especially public transportation, results in substantial emissions of greenhouse gases. A significant obstacle on the path to a more sustainable public transportation sector is the employment of alternative fuels with lower environmental implications. Although there are several in-depth well-to-wheel studies for developed countries, extrapolating those results to gasoline markets in developing countries presents challenges because of significant differences in local fuel conditions and vehicle engine technologies. Notably, this study provides a national-level environmental life cycle assessment of alternative buses in Morocco and compares current diesel buses to potential hybrid diesel-electric buses, battery-electric buses, and fuel-cell buses from a well-to-wheel perspective. The model and approach used in this study applies to other countries with developing economies. Total energy consumption broken out by fuel type, greenhouse gas emissions, and criterion air pollutants is the primary outcome of this investigation. Findings highlight an energy cut of 44.7% from battery-electric buses, 36.3% from fuel-cell buses, and 31.7% from hybrid buses with regard to the current diesel buses. Additionally, alternative fuel buses proved to be less polluting in terms of greenhouse gas emissions with 50.8% less from battery-electric buses, 46.7% less from fuel-cell buses, and 26.8% less from hybrid buses; consequently, this would lead to reduced climate change, air pollution, acidification, and eutrophication, given the Egalitarian Environmental Impact Assessment. Ultimately, Morocco will have to tackle technological, financial, and institutional barriers to fully implement the change by 2030. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:24:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f4e495a08b5464bab4e643c10ab6bd0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2032-6653 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:24:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | World Electric Vehicle Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f4e495a08b5464bab4e643c10ab6bd02023-11-17T21:50:15ZengMDPI AGWorld Electric Vehicle Journal2032-66532023-04-0114410510.3390/wevj14040105Energy and Environmental National Assessment of Alternative Fuel Buses in MoroccoHamza El Hafdaoui0Faissal Jelti1Ahmed Khallaayoun2Kamar Ouazzani3School of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane 53000, MoroccoHigher School of Technology, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, MoroccoSchool of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane 53000, MoroccoNational School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, MoroccoThe heavy reliance on petroleum-based fuels in the road transport industry, especially public transportation, results in substantial emissions of greenhouse gases. A significant obstacle on the path to a more sustainable public transportation sector is the employment of alternative fuels with lower environmental implications. Although there are several in-depth well-to-wheel studies for developed countries, extrapolating those results to gasoline markets in developing countries presents challenges because of significant differences in local fuel conditions and vehicle engine technologies. Notably, this study provides a national-level environmental life cycle assessment of alternative buses in Morocco and compares current diesel buses to potential hybrid diesel-electric buses, battery-electric buses, and fuel-cell buses from a well-to-wheel perspective. The model and approach used in this study applies to other countries with developing economies. Total energy consumption broken out by fuel type, greenhouse gas emissions, and criterion air pollutants is the primary outcome of this investigation. Findings highlight an energy cut of 44.7% from battery-electric buses, 36.3% from fuel-cell buses, and 31.7% from hybrid buses with regard to the current diesel buses. Additionally, alternative fuel buses proved to be less polluting in terms of greenhouse gas emissions with 50.8% less from battery-electric buses, 46.7% less from fuel-cell buses, and 26.8% less from hybrid buses; consequently, this would lead to reduced climate change, air pollution, acidification, and eutrophication, given the Egalitarian Environmental Impact Assessment. Ultimately, Morocco will have to tackle technological, financial, and institutional barriers to fully implement the change by 2030.https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/14/4/105alternative fuelsdecarbonizationelectric busesfuel-cell buseshybrid diesel-electric buseslife cycle assessment |
| spellingShingle | Hamza El Hafdaoui Faissal Jelti Ahmed Khallaayoun Kamar Ouazzani Energy and Environmental National Assessment of Alternative Fuel Buses in Morocco World Electric Vehicle Journal alternative fuels decarbonization electric buses fuel-cell buses hybrid diesel-electric buses life cycle assessment |
| title | Energy and Environmental National Assessment of Alternative Fuel Buses in Morocco |
| title_full | Energy and Environmental National Assessment of Alternative Fuel Buses in Morocco |
| title_fullStr | Energy and Environmental National Assessment of Alternative Fuel Buses in Morocco |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy and Environmental National Assessment of Alternative Fuel Buses in Morocco |
| title_short | Energy and Environmental National Assessment of Alternative Fuel Buses in Morocco |
| title_sort | energy and environmental national assessment of alternative fuel buses in morocco |
| topic | alternative fuels decarbonization electric buses fuel-cell buses hybrid diesel-electric buses life cycle assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/14/4/105 |
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