Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 Genes in Aedes aegypti Larvae: Identification of the Major Digestive β-1,3-Glucanase
Insect β-1,3-glucanases belong to Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 (GHF16) and are involved in digestion of detritus and plant hemicellulose. In this work, we investigated the role of GHF16 genes in Aedes aegypti larvae, due to their detritivore diet. Aedes aegypti genome has six genes belonging to GHF...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00122/full |
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| author | Raquel Santos Souza Maiara do Valle Faria Gama Renata Schama José Bento Pereira Lima Hector Manuel Diaz-Albiter Fernando Ariel Genta Fernando Ariel Genta |
| author_facet | Raquel Santos Souza Maiara do Valle Faria Gama Renata Schama José Bento Pereira Lima Hector Manuel Diaz-Albiter Fernando Ariel Genta Fernando Ariel Genta |
| author_sort | Raquel Santos Souza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Insect β-1,3-glucanases belong to Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 (GHF16) and are involved in digestion of detritus and plant hemicellulose. In this work, we investigated the role of GHF16 genes in Aedes aegypti larvae, due to their detritivore diet. Aedes aegypti genome has six genes belonging to GHF16 (Aae GH16.1 – Aae GH16.6), containing two to six exons. Sequence analysis suggests that five of these GHF16 sequences (Aae GH16.1, 2, 3, 5, and 6) contain the conserved catalytic residues of this family and correspond to glucanases. All genomes of Nematocera analyzed showed putative gene duplications corresponding to these sequences. Aae GH16.4 has no conserved catalytic residues and is probably a β-1,3-glucan binding protein involved in the activation of innate immune responses. Additionally, Ae. aegypti larvae contain significant β-1,3-glucanase activities in the head, gut and rest of body. These activities have optimum pH about 5–6 and molecular masses between 41 and 150 kDa. All GHF16 genes above showed different levels of expression in the larval head, gut or rest of the body. Knock-down of AeGH16.5 resulted in survival and pupation rates lower than controls (dsGFP and water treated). However, under stress conditions, severe mortalities were observed in AeGH16.1 and AeGH16.6 knocked-down larvae. Enzymatic assays of β-1,3-glucanase in AeGH16.5 silenced larvae exhibited lower activity in the gut and no change in the rest of the body. Chromatographic activity profiles from gut samples after GH16.5 silencing showed suppression of enzymatic activity, suggesting that this gene codes for the digestive larval β-1,3-glucanase of Ae. aegypti. This gene and enzyme are attractive targets for new control strategies, based on the impairment of normal gut physiology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:34:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f516179a09848df9dbd739d09a8af9b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:34:20Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-2f516179a09848df9dbd739d09a8af9b2022-12-22T03:47:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2019-02-011010.3389/fphys.2019.00122412063Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 Genes in Aedes aegypti Larvae: Identification of the Major Digestive β-1,3-GlucanaseRaquel Santos Souza0Maiara do Valle Faria Gama1Renata Schama2José Bento Pereira Lima3Hector Manuel Diaz-Albiter4Fernando Ariel Genta5Fernando Ariel Genta6Laboratory of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratory of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratory of Systems and Computational Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratory of Physiology and Control of Arthropod Vectors, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilWellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United KingdomLaboratory of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilNational Institute of Science and Technology for Molecular Entomology, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilInsect β-1,3-glucanases belong to Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 (GHF16) and are involved in digestion of detritus and plant hemicellulose. In this work, we investigated the role of GHF16 genes in Aedes aegypti larvae, due to their detritivore diet. Aedes aegypti genome has six genes belonging to GHF16 (Aae GH16.1 – Aae GH16.6), containing two to six exons. Sequence analysis suggests that five of these GHF16 sequences (Aae GH16.1, 2, 3, 5, and 6) contain the conserved catalytic residues of this family and correspond to glucanases. All genomes of Nematocera analyzed showed putative gene duplications corresponding to these sequences. Aae GH16.4 has no conserved catalytic residues and is probably a β-1,3-glucan binding protein involved in the activation of innate immune responses. Additionally, Ae. aegypti larvae contain significant β-1,3-glucanase activities in the head, gut and rest of body. These activities have optimum pH about 5–6 and molecular masses between 41 and 150 kDa. All GHF16 genes above showed different levels of expression in the larval head, gut or rest of the body. Knock-down of AeGH16.5 resulted in survival and pupation rates lower than controls (dsGFP and water treated). However, under stress conditions, severe mortalities were observed in AeGH16.1 and AeGH16.6 knocked-down larvae. Enzymatic assays of β-1,3-glucanase in AeGH16.5 silenced larvae exhibited lower activity in the gut and no change in the rest of the body. Chromatographic activity profiles from gut samples after GH16.5 silencing showed suppression of enzymatic activity, suggesting that this gene codes for the digestive larval β-1,3-glucanase of Ae. aegypti. This gene and enzyme are attractive targets for new control strategies, based on the impairment of normal gut physiology.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00122/fullAedes aegyptiβ-1,3-glucanaseknock-downdigestionimmunityGlycoside Hydrolase Family 16 |
| spellingShingle | Raquel Santos Souza Maiara do Valle Faria Gama Renata Schama José Bento Pereira Lima Hector Manuel Diaz-Albiter Fernando Ariel Genta Fernando Ariel Genta Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 Genes in Aedes aegypti Larvae: Identification of the Major Digestive β-1,3-Glucanase Frontiers in Physiology Aedes aegypti β-1,3-glucanase knock-down digestion immunity Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 |
| title | Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 Genes in Aedes aegypti Larvae: Identification of the Major Digestive β-1,3-Glucanase |
| title_full | Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 Genes in Aedes aegypti Larvae: Identification of the Major Digestive β-1,3-Glucanase |
| title_fullStr | Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 Genes in Aedes aegypti Larvae: Identification of the Major Digestive β-1,3-Glucanase |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 Genes in Aedes aegypti Larvae: Identification of the Major Digestive β-1,3-Glucanase |
| title_short | Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 Genes in Aedes aegypti Larvae: Identification of the Major Digestive β-1,3-Glucanase |
| title_sort | biochemical and functional characterization of glycoside hydrolase family 16 genes in aedes aegypti larvae identification of the major digestive β 1 3 glucanase |
| topic | Aedes aegypti β-1,3-glucanase knock-down digestion immunity Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2019.00122/full |
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