Improvement of Membrane Distillation Using PVDF Membrane Incorporated with TiO<sub>2</sub> Modified by Silane and Optimization of Fabricating Conditions
The objectives in this study are to improve the performance of PVDF membrane by incorporating TiO<sub>2</sub> and silane at various dosages and optimize fabricating conditions by using response surface methodology (RSM) for membrane distillation (MD) application. The PVDF membrane was sy...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/2/95 |
| _version_ | 1827596878192050176 |
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| author | Fida Tibi Seong-Jik Park Jeonghwan Kim |
| author_facet | Fida Tibi Seong-Jik Park Jeonghwan Kim |
| author_sort | Fida Tibi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objectives in this study are to improve the performance of PVDF membrane by incorporating TiO<sub>2</sub> and silane at various dosages and optimize fabricating conditions by using response surface methodology (RSM) for membrane distillation (MD) application. The PVDF membrane was synthesized by phase inversion method using various TiO<sub>2</sub>, silane and polymer concentrations. Membranes were characterized by performing contact angle measurements, SEM and FTIR observations. Ammonia rejection and permeate flux were measured by operating a direct contact distillation module treating ammonium chloride solution. A PVDF membrane created by adding TiO<sub>2</sub> modified by silane improved membrane hydrophobicity. However, the effect of silane on membrane hydrophobicity was less pronounced at higher TiO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. Highest ammonium rejection was associated with the highest membrane hydrophobicity. RSM analysis showed that fabricating conditions to achieve highest flux (10.10 L/m<sup>2</sup>·h) and ammonium rejection (100.0%) could be obtained at 31.3% silane, 2.50% TiO<sub>2</sub>, and 15.48% polymer concentrations. With a PVDF-TiO<sub>2</sub> composite membrane for MD application, the effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> was dependent upon silane concentration. Increasing silane concentration improved membrane hydrophobicity and ammonium rejection. RSM analysis was found to bea useful way to explore optimum fabricating conditions of membranes for the permeate flux and ammonium rejection in MD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:17:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f5ad2b3250c4b9d86e80110d2f2ed73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:17:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f5ad2b3250c4b9d86e80110d2f2ed732023-12-03T15:15:38ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752021-01-011129510.3390/membranes11020095Improvement of Membrane Distillation Using PVDF Membrane Incorporated with TiO<sub>2</sub> Modified by Silane and Optimization of Fabricating ConditionsFida Tibi0Seong-Jik Park1Jeonghwan Kim2Department of Environmental Engineering, Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Michuholgu, Incheon 22212, KoreaDepartment of Bioresources and Rural System Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Michuholgu, Incheon 22212, KoreaThe objectives in this study are to improve the performance of PVDF membrane by incorporating TiO<sub>2</sub> and silane at various dosages and optimize fabricating conditions by using response surface methodology (RSM) for membrane distillation (MD) application. The PVDF membrane was synthesized by phase inversion method using various TiO<sub>2</sub>, silane and polymer concentrations. Membranes were characterized by performing contact angle measurements, SEM and FTIR observations. Ammonia rejection and permeate flux were measured by operating a direct contact distillation module treating ammonium chloride solution. A PVDF membrane created by adding TiO<sub>2</sub> modified by silane improved membrane hydrophobicity. However, the effect of silane on membrane hydrophobicity was less pronounced at higher TiO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. Highest ammonium rejection was associated with the highest membrane hydrophobicity. RSM analysis showed that fabricating conditions to achieve highest flux (10.10 L/m<sup>2</sup>·h) and ammonium rejection (100.0%) could be obtained at 31.3% silane, 2.50% TiO<sub>2</sub>, and 15.48% polymer concentrations. With a PVDF-TiO<sub>2</sub> composite membrane for MD application, the effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> was dependent upon silane concentration. Increasing silane concentration improved membrane hydrophobicity and ammonium rejection. RSM analysis was found to bea useful way to explore optimum fabricating conditions of membranes for the permeate flux and ammonium rejection in MD.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/2/95membrane distillationammonia rejectionpermeate fluxsilaneresponse surface methodology |
| spellingShingle | Fida Tibi Seong-Jik Park Jeonghwan Kim Improvement of Membrane Distillation Using PVDF Membrane Incorporated with TiO<sub>2</sub> Modified by Silane and Optimization of Fabricating Conditions Membranes membrane distillation ammonia rejection permeate flux silane response surface methodology |
| title | Improvement of Membrane Distillation Using PVDF Membrane Incorporated with TiO<sub>2</sub> Modified by Silane and Optimization of Fabricating Conditions |
| title_full | Improvement of Membrane Distillation Using PVDF Membrane Incorporated with TiO<sub>2</sub> Modified by Silane and Optimization of Fabricating Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Improvement of Membrane Distillation Using PVDF Membrane Incorporated with TiO<sub>2</sub> Modified by Silane and Optimization of Fabricating Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improvement of Membrane Distillation Using PVDF Membrane Incorporated with TiO<sub>2</sub> Modified by Silane and Optimization of Fabricating Conditions |
| title_short | Improvement of Membrane Distillation Using PVDF Membrane Incorporated with TiO<sub>2</sub> Modified by Silane and Optimization of Fabricating Conditions |
| title_sort | improvement of membrane distillation using pvdf membrane incorporated with tio sub 2 sub modified by silane and optimization of fabricating conditions |
| topic | membrane distillation ammonia rejection permeate flux silane response surface methodology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/2/95 |
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