The Impact of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on Resting Energy Expenditure
We determined whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the increasing number of its components influenced the resting energy expenditure (REE). Data on adult men (<i>n</i> = 72, 40%) and women (<i>n</i> = 108, 60%) from European (<i>n</i> = 154, 86%) and Sub-Saharan...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/8/722 |
| _version_ | 1797443544166694912 |
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| author | Mario Soares Yun Zhao Emily Calton Kaveri Pathak Wendy Chan She Ping-Delfos Nicola Cummings Patience Nsatimba |
| author_facet | Mario Soares Yun Zhao Emily Calton Kaveri Pathak Wendy Chan She Ping-Delfos Nicola Cummings Patience Nsatimba |
| author_sort | Mario Soares |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We determined whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the increasing number of its components influenced the resting energy expenditure (REE). Data on adult men (<i>n</i> = 72, 40%) and women (<i>n</i> = 108, 60%) from European (<i>n</i> = 154, 86%) and Sub-Saharan African (<i>n</i> = 26, 14%) ancestry were used. Ninety-five (53%) participants had MetS (MetS+), while 85 (47%) were without MetS (MetS−). REE was determined through indirect calorimetry, body composition by DEXA, and clinical biochemistry by standard laboratory techniques. MetS+ had a significantly higher REE (mean ± se: MetS+: 5995 ± 87.3 vs. MetS−: 5760 ± 86.3 kJ/d, <i>p</i> = 0.025) when adjusted for age, gender, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), ethnicity, season, 25OHD, insulin sensitivity, and time of data collection. Within each MetS status group, an increase in the number of components (C) resulted in a stepwise increase in REE. Relative to zero components, those with 1C had adjusted REE higher by +526 ± 248.1 kJ/d (<i>p</i> = 0.037), while 2C were higher than 1C by +298 ± 140.8 kJ/d (<i>p</i> = 0.037). Similarly, relative to 3C, those with 4C had REE higher by +242 ± 120.7 kJ/d (<i>p</i> = 0.049). The higher REE of 5C over 4C by 132 ± 174.5 kJ/d did not achieve statistical significance. MetS was associated with a significantly higher REE. This greater energetic cost varied directly with the numbers of its components but was most evident in those not diagnosed with the syndrome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:57:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f6001c6f42c4fd78ff1201d50586788 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:57:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f6001c6f42c4fd78ff1201d505867882023-11-30T21:58:09ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892022-08-0112872210.3390/metabo12080722The Impact of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on Resting Energy ExpenditureMario Soares0Yun Zhao1Emily Calton2Kaveri Pathak3Wendy Chan She Ping-Delfos4Nicola Cummings5Patience Nsatimba6School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaSchool of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaSchool of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaSchool of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaChildren’s Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, AustraliaWA Eating Disorder Specialist Service, Mental Health, Public Health and Dental Services, Perth, WA 6003, AustraliaNursing Directorate, Pantang Hospital, Greater Accra, Accra GA184, GhanaWe determined whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the increasing number of its components influenced the resting energy expenditure (REE). Data on adult men (<i>n</i> = 72, 40%) and women (<i>n</i> = 108, 60%) from European (<i>n</i> = 154, 86%) and Sub-Saharan African (<i>n</i> = 26, 14%) ancestry were used. Ninety-five (53%) participants had MetS (MetS+), while 85 (47%) were without MetS (MetS−). REE was determined through indirect calorimetry, body composition by DEXA, and clinical biochemistry by standard laboratory techniques. MetS+ had a significantly higher REE (mean ± se: MetS+: 5995 ± 87.3 vs. MetS−: 5760 ± 86.3 kJ/d, <i>p</i> = 0.025) when adjusted for age, gender, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), ethnicity, season, 25OHD, insulin sensitivity, and time of data collection. Within each MetS status group, an increase in the number of components (C) resulted in a stepwise increase in REE. Relative to zero components, those with 1C had adjusted REE higher by +526 ± 248.1 kJ/d (<i>p</i> = 0.037), while 2C were higher than 1C by +298 ± 140.8 kJ/d (<i>p</i> = 0.037). Similarly, relative to 3C, those with 4C had REE higher by +242 ± 120.7 kJ/d (<i>p</i> = 0.049). The higher REE of 5C over 4C by 132 ± 174.5 kJ/d did not achieve statistical significance. MetS was associated with a significantly higher REE. This greater energetic cost varied directly with the numbers of its components but was most evident in those not diagnosed with the syndrome.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/8/722resting energy expendituremetabolic syndromeinsulin sensitivitymetabolic rate |
| spellingShingle | Mario Soares Yun Zhao Emily Calton Kaveri Pathak Wendy Chan She Ping-Delfos Nicola Cummings Patience Nsatimba The Impact of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on Resting Energy Expenditure Metabolites resting energy expenditure metabolic syndrome insulin sensitivity metabolic rate |
| title | The Impact of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on Resting Energy Expenditure |
| title_full | The Impact of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on Resting Energy Expenditure |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on Resting Energy Expenditure |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on Resting Energy Expenditure |
| title_short | The Impact of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on Resting Energy Expenditure |
| title_sort | impact of the metabolic syndrome and its components on resting energy expenditure |
| topic | resting energy expenditure metabolic syndrome insulin sensitivity metabolic rate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/8/722 |
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