Quality assessment of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Ilorin, Nigeria
Abstract Hydroquinone, Mercury (Hg), and Arsenic (As) are hazardous to health upon long-term exposure. Hydroquinone, Hg, and As were analysed in skin-lightening cosmetics randomly purchased from different cosmetic outlets within the Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. The amount of hydroquinone in the sampl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47160-2 |
| _version_ | 1797415530327441408 |
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| author | Olasunkanmi David Bamidele Blessing Ayomide Kayode Oluwasegun Ibrahim Eniayewu Adebanjo Jonathan Adegbola Raphael Segun Olatoye Ngaitad Stanislaus Njinga Sa’ad Toyin Abdullahi Moji Taibat Bakare-Odunola |
| author_facet | Olasunkanmi David Bamidele Blessing Ayomide Kayode Oluwasegun Ibrahim Eniayewu Adebanjo Jonathan Adegbola Raphael Segun Olatoye Ngaitad Stanislaus Njinga Sa’ad Toyin Abdullahi Moji Taibat Bakare-Odunola |
| author_sort | Olasunkanmi David Bamidele |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Hydroquinone, Mercury (Hg), and Arsenic (As) are hazardous to health upon long-term exposure. Hydroquinone, Hg, and As were analysed in skin-lightening cosmetics randomly purchased from different cosmetic outlets within the Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. The amount of hydroquinone in the samples was determined using a UV-spectrophotometry method at 290 nm. Hg and As were quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). UV-spectrophotometry method validation showed excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9993), with limits of detection (0.75 µg/mL), limits of quantification (2.28 µg/mL), relative standard deviation (0.01–0.35%), and recovery (95.85–103.56%) in the concentration range of 5–50 µg/mL. Similarly, r2, LOD, and LOQ for Hg and As were 0.9983 and 0.9991, (0.5 and 1.0 µg/L) and 1.65 and 3.3 µg/L) respectively. All the samples contained hydroquinone, Hg and As in varying amounts. The amounts of hydroquinone, Hg and As present were in the ranges of 1.9–3.3%, 0.08–2.52 µg/g and 0.07–5.30 µg/g respectively. Only three of the analysed samples contained hydroquinone within the permissible limit of 2.0% w/w in cosmetic products. All the samples analysed contained mercury and arsenic in varying amounts. The need to periodically monitor the levels of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Nigeria is recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:49:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f60f4b4d1cc4f76ad9df18f302a65ad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:49:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f60f4b4d1cc4f76ad9df18f302a65ad2023-12-03T12:17:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-11-0113111210.1038/s41598-023-47160-2Quality assessment of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Ilorin, NigeriaOlasunkanmi David Bamidele0Blessing Ayomide Kayode1Oluwasegun Ibrahim Eniayewu2Adebanjo Jonathan Adegbola3Raphael Segun Olatoye4Ngaitad Stanislaus Njinga5Sa’ad Toyin Abdullahi6Moji Taibat Bakare-Odunola7Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of IlorinDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of IlorinDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of IlorinDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, University of IbadanDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of IlorinDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of IlorinDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of IlorinAbstract Hydroquinone, Mercury (Hg), and Arsenic (As) are hazardous to health upon long-term exposure. Hydroquinone, Hg, and As were analysed in skin-lightening cosmetics randomly purchased from different cosmetic outlets within the Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. The amount of hydroquinone in the samples was determined using a UV-spectrophotometry method at 290 nm. Hg and As were quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). UV-spectrophotometry method validation showed excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9993), with limits of detection (0.75 µg/mL), limits of quantification (2.28 µg/mL), relative standard deviation (0.01–0.35%), and recovery (95.85–103.56%) in the concentration range of 5–50 µg/mL. Similarly, r2, LOD, and LOQ for Hg and As were 0.9983 and 0.9991, (0.5 and 1.0 µg/L) and 1.65 and 3.3 µg/L) respectively. All the samples contained hydroquinone, Hg and As in varying amounts. The amounts of hydroquinone, Hg and As present were in the ranges of 1.9–3.3%, 0.08–2.52 µg/g and 0.07–5.30 µg/g respectively. Only three of the analysed samples contained hydroquinone within the permissible limit of 2.0% w/w in cosmetic products. All the samples analysed contained mercury and arsenic in varying amounts. The need to periodically monitor the levels of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Nigeria is recommended.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47160-2 |
| spellingShingle | Olasunkanmi David Bamidele Blessing Ayomide Kayode Oluwasegun Ibrahim Eniayewu Adebanjo Jonathan Adegbola Raphael Segun Olatoye Ngaitad Stanislaus Njinga Sa’ad Toyin Abdullahi Moji Taibat Bakare-Odunola Quality assessment of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Ilorin, Nigeria Scientific Reports |
| title | Quality assessment of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Ilorin, Nigeria |
| title_full | Quality assessment of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Ilorin, Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Quality assessment of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Ilorin, Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quality assessment of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Ilorin, Nigeria |
| title_short | Quality assessment of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Ilorin, Nigeria |
| title_sort | quality assessment of hydroquinone mercury and arsenic in skin lightening cosmetics marketed in ilorin nigeria |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47160-2 |
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